Checkpoint 21

Quick Answer

¡Hola!In the lessons leading up to these checkpoint lessons, you learned to do the following in Spanish:

• Use the vosotros form in the preterite

• Discuss a study abroad experience

• Talk about activities that are typical in Salamanca, Spain

• talk about everyday experiences in the past

• discuss negative experiences in the past

• talk about one’s feelings

• talk about theater events

• use qué exclamations in conversations

• use the preterite to talk about completed events in the past

• talk about winter holidays

• use winter-related vocabulary

• use the preterite to talk about completed events

Vocabulary

Let’s review the vocabulary you learned!

Adjectives

Spanish	English
aliviado	relieved
curioso	strange
estudiantil	student, college
europeo	European
peatonal	pedestrian
puntual	punctual
siguiente	next

Nouns

Spanish	English
el apagón	power outage
el argumento	plot
la asignatura	subject
el, la astronauta	astronaut
el bebé	baby
los bisabuelos	great-grandparents
la carpeta	folder
la castañuela	castanet
la catedral	cathedral
la croqueta	croquette
el cuñado	brother-in-law
el diálogo	dialogue
el drama	drama
la emoción	emotion
Escocia	Scotland
la experiencia	experience
los gemelos	twins
el hogar	fireplace
el importe	amount
la Janucá	Hanukkah
la januquiá	hanukkiah
Madrid	Madrid
el mercadillo	market
el musical	musical
el nacimiento	Nativity scene
la Navidad	Christmas
la nevada	snowfall
la niñera	babysitter
el peinado	hairdo
el pobrecito, la pobrecita	poor thing
el protagonista	protagonist
la rana	frog
la residencia	dorm
Salamanca	Salamanca
Segovia	Segovia
el semestre	semester
la terraza	terrace
el transporte	transportation
la vela	candle
el vestuario	costumes

Noun Phrases

Spanish	English
la academia de idiomas	language school
el año nuevo	new year
el árbol de Navidad	Christmas tree
la biblioteca pública	public library
el chocolate caliente	hot chocolate
los efectos especiales	special effects
la familia de acogida	host family
el muñeco de nieve	snowman
la noción del tiempo	track of time
la plaza mayor	main square
el puente romano	Roman bridge

Numbers

Spanish	English
doscientos	two hundred
trescientos	three hundred

Prepositional Phrase

Spanish	English
a pie	on foot
de vez en cuando	once in a while
por fin	finally

Verbs

Here are the verbs you learned!

Abrigarse

Abrigarse(to bundle up) is an -ar pronominal verb with an irregular yo form in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me abrigué	I bundled up
tú	te abrigaste	you bundled up	informal singular you
vos	te abrigaste	you bundled up	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se abrigó	he, she bundled up
usted	se abrigó	you bundled up	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos abrigamos	we bundled up
vosotros, vosotras	os abrigasteis	you bundled up	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se abrigaron	they bundled up
ustedes	se abrigaron	you bundled up	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Abrir

Abrir(to open) is an -ir verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	abrí	I opened
tú	abriste	you opened	informal singular you
vos	abriste	you opened	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	abrió	he, she opened
usted	abrió	you opened	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	abrimos	we opened
vosotros, vosotras	abristeis	you opened	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	abrieron	they opened
ustedes	abrieron	you opened	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Adornar

Adornar(to decorate) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	adorné	I decorated
tú	adornaste	you decorated	informal singular you
vos	adornaste	you decorated	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	adornó	he, she decorated
usted	adornó	you decorated	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	adornamos	we decorated
vosotros, vosotras	adornasteis	you decorated	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	adornaron	they decorated
ustedes	adornaron	you decorated	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Alojarse

Alojarse(to stay) is an -ar pronominal verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me alojé	I stayed
tú	te alojaste	you stayed	informal singular you
vos	te alojaste	you stayed	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se alojó	he, she stayed
usted	se alojó	you stayed	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos alojamos	we stayed
vosotros, vosotras	os alojasteis	you stayed	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se alojaron	they stayed
ustedes	se alojaron	you stayed	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Alquilar

Alquilar(to rent) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	alquilé	I rented
tú	alquilaste	you rented	informal singular you
vos	alquilaste	you rented	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	alquiló	he, she rented
usted	alquiló	you rented	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	alquilamos	we rented
vosotros, vosotras	alquilasteis	you rented	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	alquilaron	they rented
ustedes	alquilaron	you rented	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Aprender

Aprender(to learn) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	aprendí	I learned
tú	aprendiste	you learned	informal singular you
vos	aprendiste	you learned	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	aprendió	he, she learned
usted	aprendió	you learned	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	aprendimos	we learned
vosotros, vosotras	aprendisteis	you learned	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	aprendieron	they learned
ustedes	aprendieron	you learned	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Aprovechar

Aprovechar(to take advantage of) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	aproveché	I took advantage of
tú	aprovechaste	you took advantage of	informal singular you
vos	aprovechaste	you took advantage of	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	aprovechó	he, she took advantage of
usted	aprovechó	you took advantage of	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	aprovechamos	we took advantage of
vosotros, vosotras	aprovechasteis	you took advantage of	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	aprovecharon	they took advantage of
ustedes	aprovecharon	you took advantage of	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Arreglarse

Arreglarse(to get dressed up) is an -ar pronominal verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me arreglé	I got dressed up
tú	te arreglaste	you got dressed up	informal singular you
vos	te arreglaste	you got dressed up	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se arregló	he, she got dressed up
usted	se arregló	you got dressed up	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos arreglamos	we got dressed up
vosotros, vosotras	os arreglasteis	you got dressed up	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se arreglaron	they got dressed up
ustedes	se arreglaron	you got dressed up	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Beber

Beber(to drink) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	bebí	I drank
tú	bebiste	you drank	informal singular you
vos	bebiste	you drank	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	bebió	he, she drank
usted	bebió	you drank	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	bebimos	we drank
vosotros, vosotras	bebisteis	you drank	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	bebieron	they drank
ustedes	bebieron	you drank	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Brindar

Brindar(to toast) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	brindé	I toasted
tú	brindaste	you toasted	informal singular you
vos	brindaste	you toasted	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	brindó	he, she toasted
usted	brindó	you toasted	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	brindamos	we toasted
vosotros, vosotras	brindasteis	you toasted	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	brindaron	they toasted
ustedes	brindaron	you toasted	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Caer

Caer(to fall) is a stem-changing verb in the preterite. That means that its "stem," ha, changes to hi in all forms.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	caí	I fell
tú	caíste	you fell	informal singular you
vos	caíste	you fell	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	cayó	he, she fell
usted	cayó	you fell	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	caímos	we fell
vosotros, vosotras	caísteis	you fell	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	cayeron	they fell
ustedes	cayeron	you fell	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Caminar

Caminar(to walk) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	caminé	I walked
tú	caminaste	you walked	informal singular you
vos	caminaste	you walked	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	caminó	he, she walked
usted	caminó	you walked	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	caminamos	we walked
vosotros, vosotras	caminasteis	you walked	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	caminaron	they walked
ustedes	caminaron	you walked	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Celebrar

Celebrar(to celebrate) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	celebré	I celebrated
tú	celebraste	you celebrated	informal singular you
vos	celebraste	you celebrated	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	celebró	he, she celebrated
usted	celebró	you celebrated	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	celebramos	we celebrated
vosotros, vosotras	celebrasteis	you celebrated	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	celebraron	they celebrated
ustedes	celebraron	you celebrated	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Cenar

Cenar(to have dinner) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	cené	I had dinner
tú	cenaste	you had dinner	informal singular you
vos	cenaste	you had dinner	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	cenó	he, she had dinner
usted	cenó	you had dinner	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	cenamos	we had dinner
vosotros, vosotras	cenasteis	you had dinner	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	cenaron	they had dinner
ustedes	cenaron	you had dinner	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Coger

Coger(to take) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	cogí	I took
tú	cogiste	you took	informal singular you
vos	cogiste	you took	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	cogió	he, she took
usted	cogió	you took	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	cogimos	we took
vosotros, vosotras	cogisteis	you took	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	cogieron	they took
ustedes	cogieron	you took	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Comer

Comer(to eat) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	comí	I ate
tú	comiste	you ate	informal singular you
vos	comiste	you ate	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	comió	he, she ate
usted	comió	you ate	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	comimos	we ate
vosotros, vosotras	comisteis	you ate	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	comieron	they ate
ustedes	comieron	you ate	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Conocer

Conocer( to meet) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	conocí	I met
tú	conociste	you met	informal singular you
vos	conociste	you met	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	conoció	he, she met
usted	conoció	you met	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	conocimos	we met
vosotros, vosotras	conocisteis	you met	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	conocieron	they met
ustedes	conocieron	you met	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Contar

Contar(to tell [information]) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	conté	I told
tú	contaste	you told	informal singular you
vos	contaste	you told	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	contó	he, she told
usted	contó	you told	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	contamos	we told
vosotros, vosotras	contasteis	you told	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	contaron	they told
ustedes	contaron	you told	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Costar

Costar(to cost) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Costar tends to be used in the third-person singular: costó or third-person plural costaron.

Dedicarse

Dedicarse(to spend time) is an -ar pronominal verb with an irregular yo form in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me dediqué	I spent time
tú	te dedicaste	you spent time	informal singular you
vos	te dedicaste	you spent time	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se dedicó	he, she spent time
usted	se dedicó	you spent time	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos dedicamos	we spent time
vosotros, vosotras	os dedicasteis	you spent time	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se dedicaron	they spent time
ustedes	se dedicaron	you spent time	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Dejar

Dejar(to forget, to leave) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	dejé	I forgot
tú	dejaste	you forgot	informal singular you
vos	dejaste	you forgot	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	dejó	he, she forgot
usted	dejó	you forgot	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	dejamos	we forgot
vosotros, vosotras	dejasteis	you forgot	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	dejaron	they forgot
ustedes	dejaron	you forgot	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Descansar

Descansar(to rest) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	descansé	I rested
tú	descansaste	you rested	informal singular you
vos	descansaste	you rested	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	descansó	he, she rested
usted	descansó	you rested	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	descansamos	we rested
vosotros, vosotras	descansasteis	you rested	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	descansaron	they rested
ustedes	descansaron	you rested	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Desvelarse

Desvelarse(to stay up late) is an -ar pronominal verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me desvelé	I stayed up late
tú	te desvelaste	you stayed up late	informal singular you
vos	te desvelaste	you stayed up late	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se desveló	he, she stayed up late
usted	se desveló	you stayed up late	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos desvelamos	we stayed up late
vosotros, vosotras	os desvelasteis	you stayed up late	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se desvelaron	they stayed up late
ustedes	se desvelaron	you stayed up late	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Elegir

Elegir(to choose) is a stem-changing verb in the preterite. That means that its "stem," ele, changes to eli in the él, ella, usted and ellos, ellas, ustedes forms.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	elegí	I chose
tú	elegiste	you chose	informal singular you
vos	elegiste	you chose	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	eligió	he, she chose
usted	eligió	you chose	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	elegimos	we chose
vosotros, vosotras	elegisteis	you chose	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	eligieron	they chose
ustedes	eligieron	you chose	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Empacharse

Empacharse(to stuff oneself) is an -ar pronominal verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me empaché	I stuffed myself
tú	te empachaste	you stuffed yourself	informal singular you
vos	te empachaste	you stuffed yourself	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se empachó	he, she stuffed himself, herself
usted	se empachó	you stuffed yourself	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos empachamos	we stuffed ourselves
vosotros, vosotras	os empachasteis	you stuffed yourselves	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se empacharon	they stuffed themselves
ustedes	se empacharon	you stuffed yourselves	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Encantar

Encantar(to love) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.
Note that when we use encantar to mean to love, it behaves like gustar.

With verbs like gustar, the subject of the sentence is the thing being liked, while the thing doing the liking is expressed via an indirect object.

This table refers to loving a singular thing. If the thing that you loved is plural, use encantaron.

Conjugation	Translation	Notes
me encantó	I loved
te encantó	you loved	informal singular you
te encantó	you loved	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
le encantó	he/she loved
le encantó	you loved	formal singular you
nos encantó	we loved
os encantó	you loved	informal plural you (in Spain)
les encantó	they loved
les encantó	you loved	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Encender

Encender(to turn on) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	encendí	I turned on
tú	encendiste	you turned on	informal singular you
vos	encendiste	you turned on	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	encendió	he, she turned on
usted	encendió	you turned on	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	encendimos	we turned on
vosotros, vosotras	encendisteis	you turned on	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	encendieron	they turned on
ustedes	encendieron	you turned on	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Encontrar

Encontrar(to find) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	encontré	I found
tú	encontraste	you found	informal singular you
vos	encontraste	you found	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	encontró	he, she found
usted	encontró	you found	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	encontramos	we found
vosotros, vosotras	encontrasteis	you found	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	encontraron	they found
ustedes	encontraron	you found	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Encontrarse

Encontrarse(to run into) is an -ar pronominal verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me encontré	I ran into
tú	te encontraste	you ran into	informal singular you
vos	te encontraste	you ran into	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se encontró	he, she ran into
usted	se encontró	you ran into	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos encontramos	we ran into
vosotros, vosotras	os encontrasteis	you ran into	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se encontraron	they ran into
ustedes	se encontraron	you ran into	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Esquiar

Esquiar(to ski) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	esquié	I skied
tú	esquiaste	you skied	informal singular you
vos	esquiaste	you skied	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	esquió	he, she skied
usted	esquió	you skied	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	esquiamos	we skied
vosotros, vosotras	esquiasteis	you skied	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	esquiaron	they skied
ustedes	esquiaron	you skied	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Estar

Estar(to be) is a stem-changing verb in the preterite. That means that its "stem," esta, changes to estuv in all forms.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	estuve	I was
tú	estuviste	you were	informal singular you
vos	estuviste	you were	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	estuvo	he, she was
usted	estuvo	you was	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	estuvimos	we were
vosotros, vosotras	estuvisteis	you were	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	estuvieron	they were
ustedes	estuvieron	you were	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Estropearse

Estropearse(to break or to break down) is a pronominal -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Estropearse tends to be used in the third-person singular or third-person plural:

• se estropeó (it broke, it broke down)

• se estropearon (they broke, they broke down)

Estudiar

Estudiar(to study) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	estudié	I studied
tú	estudiaste	you studied	informal singular you
vos	estudiaste	you studied	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	estudió	he, she studied
usted	estudió	you studied	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	estudiamos	we studied
vosotros, vosotras	estudiasteis	you studied	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	estudiaron	they studied
ustedes	estudiaron	you studied	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Fascinar

Fascinar(to love) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.
Note that when we use fascinar to mean to love, it behaves like gustar.

With verbs like gustar, the subject of the sentence is the thing being liked, while the thing doing the liking is expressed via an indirect object.

This table refers to loving a singular thing. If the thing you loved is plural, use fascinaron.

Conjugation	Translation	Notes
me fascinó	I loved
te fascinó	you loved	informal singular you
te fascinó	you loved	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
le fascinó	he/she loved
le fascinó	you loved	formal singular you
nos fascinó	we loved
os fascinó	you loved	informal plural you (in Spain)
les fascinó	they loved
les fascinó	you loved	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Fascinar can also mean to fascinate or to captivate!

Granizar

Granizar(to hail) is an impersonal -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Granizar is used in the third-person singular:

• granizó (it hailed)

Gustar

Gustar(to like) is an irregular verb in the preterite.

With verbs like gustar, the subject of the sentence is the thing being liked, while the thing doing the liking is expressed via an indirect object.

This table refers to liking a singular thing. If the thing that was liked is plural, use gustaron.

Conjugation	Translation	Notes
me gustó	I liked
te gustó	you liked	informal singular you
te gustó	you liked	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
le gustó	he, she liked
le gustó	you liked	formal singular you
nos gustó	we liked
os gustó	you liked	informal plural you (in Spain)
les gustó	they liked
les gustó	you liked	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Hacer

Hacer(to do, to make) is a stem-changing verb in the preterite. That means that its "stem," ha, changes to hi in all forms.

In the él, ella and usted forms of hacer in the preterite, the c changes to a z.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	hice	I made, did
tú	hiciste	you made, did	informal singular you
vos	hiciste	you made, did	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	hizo	he, she made, did
usted	hizo	you made, did	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	hicimos	we made, did
vosotros, vosotras	hicisteis	you made, did	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	hicieron	they made, did
ustedes	hicieron	you made, did	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Note that none of the forms of the verb hacer take an accent in the preterite.

Ir

Ir(to go) is an irregular verb in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	fui	I went
tú	fuiste	you went	informal singular you
vos	fuiste	you went	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	fue	he, she went
usted	fue	you went	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	fuimos	we went
vosotros, vosotras	fuisteis	you went	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	fueron	they went
ustedes	fueron	you went	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Note that none of the forms of the verb ir take an accent in the preterite.

Llegar

Llegar(to arrive) is an -ar verb with an irregular yo form in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	llegué	I arrived
tú	llegaste	you arrived	informal singular you
vos	llegaste	you arrived	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	llegó	he, she arrived
usted	llegó	you arrived	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	llegamos	we arrived
vosotros, vosotras	llegasteis	you arrived	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	llegaron	they arrived
ustedes	llegaron	you arrived	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Llevar

Llevar(to take) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	llevé	I took
tú	llevaste	you took	informal singular you
vos	llevaste	you took	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	llevó	he, she took
usted	llevó	you took	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	llevamos	we took
vosotros, vosotras	llevasteis	you took	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	llevaron	they took
ustedes	llevaron	you took	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Matricularse

Matricularse(to sign up for) is an -ar pronominal verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me matriculé	I signed up for
tú	te matriculaste	you signed up for	informal singular you
vos	te matriculaste	you signed up for	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se matriculó	he, she signed up for
usted	se matriculó	you signed up for	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos matriculamos	we signed up for
vosotros, vosotras	os matriculasteis	you signed up for	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se matricularon	they signed up for
ustedes	se matricularon	you signed up for	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Memorizar

Memorizar(to memorize) is an -ar verb with an irregular yo form in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	memoricé	I memorized
tú	memorizaste	you memorized	informal singular you
vos	memorizaste	you memorized	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	memorizó	he, she memorized
usted	memorizó	you memorized	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	memorizamos	we memorized
vosotros, vosotras	memorizasteis	you memorized	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	memorizaron	they memorized
ustedes	memorizaron	you memorized	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Mirar

Mirar(to look at) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	miré	I looked at
tú	miraste	you looked at	informal singular you
vos	miraste	you looked at	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	miró	he, she looked at
usted	miró	you looked at	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	miramos	we looked at
vosotros, vosotras	mirasteis	you looked at	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	miraron	they looked at
ustedes	miraron	you looked at	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Ordenar

Ordenar(to tidy up) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	ordené	I tidied up
tú	ordenaste	you tidied up	informal singular you
vos	ordenaste	you tidied up	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	ordenó	he, she tidied up
usted	ordenó	you tidied up	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	ordenamos	we tidied up
vosotros, vosotras	ordenasteis	you tidied up	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	ordenaron	they tidied up
ustedes	ordenaron	you tidied up	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Pagar

Pagar(to pay) is an -ar verb with an irregular yo form in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	pagué	I paid
tú	pagaste	you paid	informal singular you
vos	pagaste	you paid	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	pagó	he, she paid
usted	pagó	you paid	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	pagamos	we paid
vosotros, vosotras	pagasteis	you paid	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	pagaron	they paid
ustedes	pagaron	you paid	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Parecer

Parecer(to seem) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Note that parecer behaves like gustar. With gustar, the subject of the sentence is the thing being liked, while the thing doing the liking is expressed via an indirect object.

In this case, of course, the subject is the thing that you’re considering, while the person thinking about the thing is expressed via indirect object.

This table refers to considering a singular thing. If the thing that is being referred to is plural, use parecieron.

Conjugation	Translation	Notes
me pareció	it seemed…to me
te pareció	it seemed…to you	informal singular you
te pareció	it seemed…to you	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
le pareció	it seemed…to him/her
le pareció	it seemed…to you	formal singular you
nos pareció	it seemed…to us
os pareció	it seemed…to you	informal plural you (in Spain)
les pareció	it seemed...to them
les pareció	it seemed…to you	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Pasar

Pasar(to spend [time]) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	pasé	I spent
tú	pasaste	you spent	informal singular you
vos	pasaste	you spent	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	pasó	he, she spent
usted	pasó	you spent	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	pasamos	we spent
vosotros, vosotras	pasasteis	you spent	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	pasaron	they spent
ustedes	pasaron	you spent	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

We can also use pasar to mean to happen.

Note that pasar behaves like gustar. With gustar, the subject of the sentence is the thing being liked, while the thing doing the liking is expressed via an indirect object.

In this case, of course, the subject is the thing that happened, while the person experiencing the event is expressed via an indirect object.

This table refers to considering a singular event. If you're talking about more than one event, use pasaron.

Conjugation	Translation	Notes
me pasó	happened to me
te pasó	happened to you	informal singular you
te pasó	happened to you	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
le pasó	happened to him/her
le pasó	happened to you	formal singular you
nos pasó	happened to us
os pasó	happened to you	informal plural you (in Spain)
les pasó	happened to them
les pasó	happened to you	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Perder

Perder(to lose) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	perdí	I lost
tú	perdiste	you lost	informal singular you
vos	perdiste	you lost	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	perdió	he, she lost
usted	perdió	you lost	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	perdimos	we lost
vosotros, vosotras	perdisteis	you lost	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	perdieron	they lost
ustedes	perdieron	you lost	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Perderse

Perderse(to get lost) is an -er pronominal verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me perdí	I got lost
tú	te perdiste	you got lost	informal singular you
vos	te perdiste	you got lost	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se perdió	he, she got lost
usted	se perdió	you got lost	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos perdimos	we got lost
vosotros, vosotras	os perdisteis	you got lost	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se perdieron	they got lost
ustedes	se perdieron	you got lost	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Poder

Poder(to be able to) is a stem-changing verb in the preterite. That means that its "stem," po, changes to pu in all forms.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	pude	I was able to
tú	pudiste	you were able to	informal singular you
vos	pudiste	you were able to	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	pudo	he, she was able to
usted	pudo	you were able to	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	pudimos	we were able to
vosotros, vosotras	pudisteis	you were able to	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	pudieron	they were able to
ustedes	pudieron	you were able to	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Posponerse

Posponerse(to postpone) is a pronominal -er verb that has a stem change in the preterite.

Posponerse tends to be used in the third-person singular or third-person plural:

• se pospuso (it was postponed)

• se pospusieron (they were postponed)

Prender

Prender(to light) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	prendí	I lit
tú	prendiste	you lit	informal singular you
vos	prendiste	you lit	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	prendió	he, she lit
usted	prendió	you lit	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	prendimos	we lit
vosotros, vosotras	prendisteis	you lit	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	prendieron	they lit
ustedes	prendieron	you lit	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

In Latin America, prender can be used to mean to turn on. For example:

examples
Prendimos el hogar. We turned on the fireplace.

This example refers to an artificial fireplace that can be turned on and off.

Probar

Probar(to try) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	probé	I tried
tú	probaste	you tried	informal singular you
vos	probaste	you tried	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	probó	he, she tried
usted	probó	you tried	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	probamos	we tried
vosotros, vosotras	probasteis	you tried	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	probaron	they tried
ustedes	probaron	you tried	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Quedar

Quedar(to meet [up with]) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	quedé	I met up with
tú	quedaste	you met up with	informal singular you
vos	quedaste	you met up with	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	quedó	he, she met up with
usted	quedó	you met up with	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	quedamos	we met up with
vosotros, vosotras	quedasteis	you met up with	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	quedaron	they met up with
ustedes	quedaron	you met up with	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Querer

Querer(to want) is a stem-changing verb in the preterite. That means that its "stem," que, changes to quis in all forms.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	quise	I wanted
tú	quisiste	you wanted	informal singular you
vos	quisiste	you wanted	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	quiso	he, she wanted
usted	quiso	you wanted	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	quisimos	we wanted
vosotros, vosotras	quisisteis	you wanted	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	quisieron	they wanted
ustedes	quisieron	you wanted	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Note that the yo and él, ella, usted forms of querer in the preterite do not have accent marks.

Recorrer

Recorrer(to travel around) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	recorrí	I traveled around
tú	recorriste	you traveled around	informal singular you
vos	recorriste	you traveled around	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	recorrió	he, she traveled around
usted	recorrió	you traveled around	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	recorrimos	we traveled around
vosotros, vosotras	recorristeis	you traveled around	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	recorrieron	they traveled around
ustedes	recorrieron	you traveled around	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Regalar

Regalar(to give) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	regalé	I gave
tú	regalaste	you gave	informal singular you
vos	regalaste	you gave	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	regaló	he, she gave
usted	regaló	you gave	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	regalamos	we gave
vosotros, vosotras	regalasteis	you gave	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	regalaron	they gave
ustedes	regalaron	you gave	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Regañar

Regañar(to scold) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	regañé	I scolded
tú	regañaste	you scolded	informal singular you
vos	regañaste	you scolded	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	regañó	he, she scolded
usted	regañó	you scolded	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	regañamos	we scolded
vosotros, vosotras	regañasteis	you scolded	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	regañaron	they scolded
ustedes	regañaron	you scolded	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Relajarse

Relajarse(to relax) is an -ar pronominal verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me relajé	I relaxed
tú	te relajaste	you relaxed	informal singular you
vos	te relajaste	you relaxed	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se relajó	he, she relaxed
usted	se relajó	you relaxed	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos relajamos	we relaxed
vosotros, vosotras	os relajasteis	you relaxed	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se relajaron	they relaxed
ustedes	se relajaron	you relaxed	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Ser

Ser(to be) is an irregular verb in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	fui	I was
tú	fuiste	you were	informal singular you
vos	fuiste	you were	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	fue	he, she was
usted	fue	you were	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	fuimos	we were
vosotros, vosotras	fuisteis	you were	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	fueron	they were
ustedes	fueron	you were	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

No, we didn’t make a mistake and yes, you’re seeing that right. Ser and ir are conjugated the same way in the preterite!

Note that none of the forms of the verb ser take an accent in the preterite.

Sorprender

Sorprender(to surprise) is an -er verb that is regular in the preterite.

Note that sorprender behaves like gustar. With gustar, the subject of the sentence is the thing being liked, while the thing doing the liking is expressed via an indirect object.

In this case, of course, the subject is the thing that surprises you, while the person that is surprised is expressed via indirect object.

This table refers to being surprised by a singular thing. If the thing that is being referred to is plural, use sorprendieron.

Conjugation	Translation	Notes
me sorprendió	it surprised me
te sorprendió	it surprised you	informal singular you
te sorprendió	it surprised you	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
le sorprendió	it surprised him/her
le sorprendió	it surprised you	formal singular you
nos sorprendió	it surprised us
os sorprendió	it surprised you	informal plural you (in Spain)
les sorprendió	it surprised them
les sorprendió	it surprised you	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Tener

Tener(to have) is a stem-changing verb in the preterite. That means that its "stem," te, changes to tuv in all forms.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	tuve	I had
tú	tuviste	you had	informal singular you
vos	tuviste	you had	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	tuvo	he, she had
usted	tuvo	you had	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	tuvimos	we had
vosotros, vosotras	tuvisteis	you had	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	tuvieron	they had
ustedes	tuvieron	you had	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Note that the yo and él, ella, usted forms of tener in the preterite do not have accent marks.

Tocar

Tocar(to play [an instrument]) is an -ar verb with an irregular yo form in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	toqué	I played
tú	tocaste	you played	informal singular you
vos	tocaste	you played	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	tocó	he, she played
usted	tocó	you played	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	tocamos	we played
vosotros, vosotras	tocasteis	you played	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	tocaron	they played
ustedes	tocaron	you played	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Tocar also means to touch. It’s important to remember that, in Spanish, you don’t jugar an instrument—you tocar an instrument!

We can also use tocar this way:

Tocar(to have to) is an -ar verb that is irregular in the yo form of the preterite.
When tocar is used to mean to have to, it tends to be used in the third-person singular: tocó or third-person plural tocaron.

Just like we already saw with perder, the verb tocar has many different meanings! You’ve already learned in previous lessons that tocar can mean to touch or to play (an instrument). It can also mean to have to! For example:

examples
Me tocó esperar mucho tiempo. I had to wait a long time.

Tomar

Tomar(to have [a food or drink]) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	tomé	I had
tú	tomaste	you had	informal singular you
vos	tomaste	you had	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	tomó	he, she had
usted	tomó	you had	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	tomamos	we had
vosotros, vosotras	tomasteis	you had	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	tomaron	they had
ustedes	tomaron	you had	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Ver

Ver(to see) is an irregular verb in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	vi	I saw
tú	viste	you saw	informal singular you
vos	viste	you saw	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	vio	he, she saw
usted	vio	you saw	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	vimos	we saw
vosotros, vosotras	visteis	you saw	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	vieron	they saw
ustedes	vieron	you saw	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Note that none of the forms of the verb ver take an accent in the preterite.

Visitar

Visitar(to visit) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	visité	I visited
tú	visitaste	you visited	informal singular you
vos	visitaste	you visited	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	visitó	he, she visited
usted	visitó	you visited	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	visitamos	we visited
vosotros, vosotras	visitasteis	you visited	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	visitaron	they visited
ustedes	visitaron	you visited	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Volar

Volar(to fly) is an -ar verb that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	volé	I flew
tú	volaste	you flew	informal singular you
vos	volaste	you flew	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	voló	he, she flew
usted	voló	you flew	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	volamos	we flew
vosotros, vosotras	volasteis	you flew	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	volaron	they flew
ustedes	volaron	you flew	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Verb Phrases

Here are the verb phrases you learned!

Ayudar A

Ayudar a(to help) is an -ar verb phrase that is regular in the preterite.

Ayudar a is followed by an infinitive verb.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	ayudé a	I helped
tú	ayudaste a	you helped	informal singular you
vos	ayudaste a	you helped	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	ayudó a	he, she helped
usted	ayudó a	you helped	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	ayudamos a	we helped
vosotros, vosotras	ayudasteis a	you helped	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	ayudaron a	they helped
ustedes	ayudaron a	you helped	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Darse Prisa

Darse prisa(to hurry) is a pronominal -ar irregular verb phrase in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me di^ prisa^	I hurried
tú	te diste prisa	you hurried	informal singular you
vos	te diste prisa	you hurried	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se dio^ prisa^	he, she hurried
usted	se dio^ prisa^	you hurried	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos dimos prisa	we hurried
vosotros, vosotras	os disteis prisa	you hurried	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se dieron prisa	they hurried
ustedes	se dieron prisa	you hurried	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Ponerse Al Día

Ponerse al día(to catch up) is a reflexive stem-changing -er verb in the preterite. That means that its "stem," pon, changes to pus in all forms.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me puse al día	I caught up
tú	te pusiste al día	you caught up	informal singular you
vos	te pusiste al día	you caught up	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se puso al día	he, she caught up
usted	se puso al día	you caught up	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos pusimos al día	we caught up
vosotros, vosotras	os pusisteis al día	you caught up	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se pusieron al día	they caught up
ustedes	se pusieron al día	you caught up	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Salir De Casa

Salir de casa(to go out of the house) is an -ir verb phrase that is regular in the preterite.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	salí de casa	I went out of the house
tú	saliste de casa	you went out of the house	informal singular you
vos	saliste de casa	you went out of the house	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	salió de casa	he, she went out of the house
usted	salió de casa	you went out of the house	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	salimos de casa	we went out of the house
vosotros, vosotras	salisteis de casa	you went out of the house	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	salieron de casa	they went out of the house
ustedes	salieron de casa	you went out of the house	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Phrases

Check out the phrases you learned!

Spanish	English
cuéntame más	tell me more
menos mal	thank goodness
no me digas	no way
qué bonito es	it's so nice
qué envidia	I'm jealous
qué lástima	what a shame
y qué pasó	and then what happened

Want to learn more? Check out the following articles and lessons!

• Study in Salamanca in Spanish

• Share a Story in Spanish

• See a Show in Spanish

• Go on Winter Break in Spanish