Checkpoint 41

Quick Answer

¡Hola!In the lessons leading up to these checkpoint lessons, you learned to do the following in Spanish:

• speculate about the future

• talk about communication

• use verbs of change to describe changes in people

• talk about agriculture and coffee growing

• use vocabulary related to coffee

• talk about accommodations

• use vocabulary related to lodging

• talk about driving

• use vocabulary related to tickets and fines

• talk about conditional outcomes and concessions using the subjunctive

Vocabulary

Let’s review the vocabulary you learned!

Adjectives

Spanish	English
arábigo	arabica, Arabic
asequible	affordable
autoritario	strict, authoritarian
constante	constant
cuidadoso	careful
duro	tough
egocéntrico	self-centered
gratuito	free
grosero	rude
impredecible	unpredictable
indispensable	indispensable
injusto	unfair
inmediato	immediate
intuitivo	intuitive
mecánico	mechanical
mero	mere
permitido	permitted
prohibitivo	prohibitive
prudente	careful
sencillo	down-to-earth, simple
tenso	tense

Adjective Phrase

Spanish	English
de última hora	last-minute

Adverbs

Spanish	English
cuidadosamente	carefully
mundialmente	worldwide
urgentemente	urgently

Conjunction

Spanish	English
aunque	even though, even if, although

Conjunction Phrase

Spanish	English
a pesar de que	even though
aun cuando	even though, even if, even when

Nouns

Spanish	English
la actuación	acting
la aplicación	application
el, la botones	bellhop
la cancelación	cancellation
la circulación	traffic
la confirmación	confirmation
el dineral	fortune
el, la donante	donor
la esencia	essence
el, la especialista	specialist
el hospedaje	lodging
el hostal	hostel
la maquinaria	machinery
el millonario, la millonaria	millionaire
la multa	ticket
la ocupación	occupancy
la oferta	deal
el peatón	pedestrian
la producción	production
la raíz	root
la recolección	harvest
el, la rival	rival
el secador	dryer
la semilla	seed
la señal	sign
la velocidad	speed
el vivero	nursery

Noun Phrases

Spanish	English
el director ejecutivo, la directora ejecutiva	CEO
la experiencia profesional	work experience
el grano de café	coffee bean
la mano de obra	manpower
la planta de café	coffee plant
la temporada alta	high season

Prepositional Phrases

Spanish	English
junto a	next to

Verbs

Here are the verbs you learned!

Spanish	English
acelerar	to accelerate
cometer	to make
confundirse	to make a mistake
convertirse	to become
cosechar	to harvest
cumplir	to obey
enojarse	to get angry
exceder	to exceed
exportar	to export
extraer	to extract
fermentar	to ferment
fluctuar	to fluctuate
infringir	to break (laws, rules)
innovar	to innovate
multar	to fine
negar	to deny
ponerse	to get, to become
producir	to produce
promocionar	to promote
protestar	to complain
recurrir	to appeal
sancionar	to penalize
secarse	to dry
seleccionar	to choose
sembrarse	to plant
trasplantarse	to transplant
volverse	to become

Cumplir

Cumplir(to obey) is an -ir verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	cumpla	I obey
tú	cumplas	you obey	informal singular you
vos	cumplas	you obey	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	cumpla	he, she obeys
usted	cumpla	you obey	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	cumplamos	we obey
vosotros, vosotras	cumpláis	you obey	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	cumplan	they obey
ustedes	cumplan	you obey	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Enojarse

Enojarse(to get angry) is an -ar pronominal verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me enoje	I get angry
tú	te enojes	you get angry	informal singular you
vos	te enojes	you get angry	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se enoje	he, she gets angry
usted	se enoje	you get angry	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos enojemos	we get angry
vosotros, vosotras	os enojéis	you get angry	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se enojen	they get angry
ustedes	se enojen	you get angry	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Exceder

Exceder(to exceed) is an -er verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	exceda	I exceed
tú	excedas	you exceed	informal singular you
vos	excedas	you exceed	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	exceda	he, she exceeds
usted	exceda	you exceed	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	excedamos	we exceed
vosotros, vosotras	excedáis	you exceed	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	excedan	they exceed
ustedes	excedan	you exceed	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Exportar

Exportar(to export) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	exporte	I export
tú	exportes	you export	informal singular you
vos	exportes	you export	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	exporte	he, she exports
usted	exporte	you export	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	exportemos	we export
vosotros, vosotras	exportéis	you export	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	exporten	they export
ustedes	exporten	you export	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Fermentar

Fermentar(to ferment) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
él, ella, ello	fermente	it ferments
ellos, ellas	fermenten	they ferment

Infringir

Infringir(to break [rules, laws]) is an -ir verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	infrinja	I break
tú	infrinjas	you break	informal singular you
vos	infrinjas	you break	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	infrinja	he, she breaks
usted	infrinja	you break	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	infrinjamos	we break
vosotros, vosotras	infrinjáis	you break	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	infrinjan	they break
ustedes	infrinjan	you break	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Innovar

Innovar(to innovate) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	innove	I innovate
tú	innoves	you innovate	informal singular you
vos	innoves	you innovate	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	innove	he, she innovates
usted	innove	you innovate	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	innovemos	we innovate
vosotros, vosotras	innovéis	you innovate	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	innoven	they innovate
ustedes	innoven	you innovate	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Negar

Negar(to deny) is an -ar verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	niegue	I deny
tú	niegues	you deny	informal singular you
vos	niegues	you deny	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	niegue	he, she denies
usted	niegue	you deny	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	neguemos	we deny
vosotros, vosotras	neguéis	you deny	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	nieguen	they deny
ustedes	nieguen	you deny	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Ponerse

Ponerse(to get) is a pronominal -er verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me ponga	I get
tú	te pongas	you get	informal singular you
vos	te pongas	you get	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se ponga	he, she gets
usted	se ponga	you get	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos pongamos	we get
vosotros, vosotras	os pongáis	you get	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se pongan	they get
ustedes	se pongan	you get	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Promocionar

Promocionar(to promote) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	promocione	I promote
tú	promociones	you promote	informal singular you
vos	promociones	you promote	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	promocione	he, she promotes
usted	promocione	you promote	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	promocionemos	we promote
vosotros, vosotras	promocionéis	you promote	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	promocionen	they promote
ustedes	promocionen	you promote	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Protestar

Protestar(to complain) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	proteste	I complain
tú	protestes	you complain	informal singular you
vos	protestes	you complain	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	proteste	he, she complains
usted	proteste	you complain	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	protestemos	we complain
vosotros, vosotras	protestéis	you complain	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	protesten	they complain
ustedes	protesten	you complain	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Recurrir

Recurrir(to appeal) is an -ir verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	recurra	I appeal
tú	recurras	you appeal	informal singular you
vos	recurras	you appeal	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	recurra	he, she appeals
usted	recurra	you appeal	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	recurramos	we appeal
vosotros, vosotras	recurráis	you appeal	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	recurran	they appeal
ustedes	recurran	you appeal	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Secarse

Secarse(to dry) is a pronominal -ar verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
él, ella, ello	se seque	it dries
ellos, ellas	se sequen	they dry

Seleccionar

Seleccionar(to choose) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	seleccione	I choose
tú	selecciones	you choose	informal singular you
vos	selecciones	you choose	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	seleccione	he, she chooses
usted	seleccione	you choose	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	seleccionemos	we choose
vosotros, vosotras	seleccionéis	you choose	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	seleccionen	they choose
ustedes	seleccionen	you choose	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Sembrarse

Sembrarse(to be planted) is a pronominal -ar verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
él, ella, ello	se siembre	it is planted
ellos, ellas, ellos	se siembren	they are planted

Volverse

Volverse(to become) is a pronominal -er verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me vuelva	I become
tú	te vuelvas	you become	informal singular you
vos	te vuelvas	you become	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se vuelva	he, she becomes
usted	se vuelva	you become	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos volvamos	we become
vosotros, vosotras	os volváis	you become	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se vuelvan	they become
ustedes	se vuelvan	you become	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Verb Phrases

Here are the verb phrases you learned!

Spanish	English
darse bien	to be good at
faltar a	to miss
llegar a lo más alto	to reach the top
mantener el contacto	to stay in touch
mantener la calma	to keep calm
optar por	to choose

Llegar a lo Más Alto

Llegar a lo más alto(to reach the top) is an -ar verb phrase that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	llegue a lo más alto	I reach the top
tú	llegues a lo más alto	you reach the top	informal singular you
vos	llegues a lo más alto	you reach the top	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	llegue a lo más alto	he, she reaches the top
usted	llegue a lo más alto	you reach the top	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	lleguemos a lo más alto	we reach the top
vosotros, vosotras	lleguéis a lo más alto	you reach the top	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	lleguen a lo más alto	they reach the top
ustedes	lleguen a lo más alto	you reach the top	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Optar por

Optar por(to choose) is an -ar verb phrase that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	opte por	I choose
tú	optes por	you choose	informal singular you
vos	optes por	you choose	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	opte por	he, she chooses
usted	opte	you choose	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	optemos por	we choose
vosotros, vosotras	optéis por	you choose	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	opten por	they choose
ustedes	opten por	you choose	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Phrase

Check out the phrase you learned!

Spanish	English
por…que	no matter how…

Want to learn more? Check out the following articles and lessons!

• Keep in Touch in Spanish

• Learn About Coffee in Spanish

• Find a Place to Stay in Spanish

• Get a Parking Ticket in Spanish