had been stifling
-había estado sofocando
Past perfect progressiveconjugation ofstifle.There are other translations for this conjugation.

stifle

The Dutch had been stifling British trade in the region by prohibiting the British from operating in Dutch-controlled ports or by subjecting them to a high tariff.
Los holandeses habían asfixiado el comercio del Imperio Británico en la región mediante la prohibición del comercio británico en los puertos bajo dominio holandés, o imponiéndoles altas tarifas.
We have repeatedly shown to what extent Trump's America freed Europe from a structural transatlantic link which had become archaic and had been stifling the US as much as Europe.
En numerosas ocasiones hemos mostrado cómo los EE.UU. de Trump han liberado a Europa de un arcaico vínculo estructural transatlántico que oprimía tanto a EE.UU. como a Europa.
Another priority was to settle the substantial wage arrears and arrears to government suppliers which had accumulated in previous years and which had been stifling the private sector.
Otra prioridad es liquidar los sustanciales atrasos de sueldos y los pagos atrasados a proveedores del Gobierno, que se han acumulado en los últimos años y que están asfixiando al sector privado.
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