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QUICK ANSWER
"El" is a form of "el", a definite article which is often translated as "the". "La extraterrestre" is a form of "extraterrestre", a noun which is often translated as "alien". Learn more about the difference between "el" and "la extraterrestre" below.
el(
ehl
)A definite article is a word that identifies a noun as specific or known to the speaker (e.g., the girl).
el extraterrestre, la extraterrestre, extraterrestre(
ehks
-
trah
-
teh
-
rrehs
-
treh
)This means that the noun can be masculine or feminine, depending on the gender of the noun it refers to (e.g., el doctor, la doctora).
a. alien
Mi amiga cree que fue secuestrada por extraterrestres.My friend believes she was abducted by aliens.
b. extraterrestrial
Al final del libro, los extraterrestres regresan a su planeta.At the end of the book, the extraterrestrials go back to their planet.
An adjective is a word that describes a noun (e.g., the big dog).
a. extraterrestrial
Esta película de ciencia ficción trata de una civilización extraterrestre que viene a la Tierra.This sci-fi movie is about an extraterrestrial civilization coming to Earth.
b. alien
Este científico cree que existe la vida extraterrestre.This scientist believes alien life exists.
c. from outer space
Corrían rumores de que se había encontrado el cadáver de una criatura extraterrestre.There were rumors that the body of a creature from outer space had been found.