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"El alcalde" is a form of "alcalde", a noun which is often translated as "mayor". "Carlos" is a proper noun which is often translated as "Charles". Learn more about the difference between "el alcalde" and "Carlos" below.
el alcalde(
ahl
-
kahl
-
deh
)A masculine noun is used with masculine articles and adjectives (e.g., el hombre guapo, el sol amarillo).