la diferencia entre objeto directo e indirecto
¿Cómo se puede saber el objeto directo e indirecto, también cómo se sabe el verbo que toma objeto directo o indirecto?
5 Answers
El objeto directo (DO, abreviatura en inglés) y el objeto indirecto (IO, abreviatura en inglés) “El pelotero lanzó la pelota.” “El pelotero lanzó la pelota a José.” “El pelotero le lanzó la pelota a José.”
El pelotero es el sujeto. Lanzar es el verbo. Pelota es el DO. El, y la son artículos. José es el IO. Le es el IO pronombre.
El DO es el sustantivo o pronombre que recibe directamente la acción del verbo. ¿Qué lanzó el pelotero? EL IO es el sustantivo o pronombre que indirectamente recibe la acción del verbo. ¿A quién lanzó el pelotero la pelota?
“María contaba todo a los oficiales.” Todo es el DO y los oficiales son el IO. “Come tu comida.” La comida es el DO. No hay IO. “Rafael corría a la tienda.” No hay DO ni IO. “a la tienda” es frase preposicional.
Here's an article I wrote on the subject a little over a year ago. It was well received. I am not a grammarian but I have been exposed to a course or two in scientific linguistics which is an inquiry in to what is actually going on in a language. Here's the article.
A out of the Box Approach to Direct and Indirect Objects
This helps me Estó me ayuda
DO what, whom IO to what, for whom
DO qué, quien IO a quien, para quien
Muchas gracias por tus respuestas hoy y antes
.if i want to write essay, how can i know that this verb takes do, and the other take io?
Verbs identified in the dictionary as transitive require a direct object.
tener TRANSITIVE VERB 1. (to possess) a. to have Tengo tres coches. I have three cars.
Direct Object is Tres coches. Usually the direct object appears immediately after the verb without any preposition. However, there may be the "personal a" preposition if the direct object is a know human being.
Example:
Ví a mi madre anoche.
I saw my mother last night.
Direct Object = mi madre
Verbs identified in the the dictionary as intransitive cannot have a direct object when being used intransitively.
ir INTRANSITIVE VERB 1. (to indicate movement) a. to go Ayer Ana y yo fuimos al cine.Yesterday Ana and I went to the movies.
Here there is no direct object, and no indirect object. "al cine" is a prepositional phrase, "a" a preposition and "el cine" is the object of a preposition, which is neither a direct nor an indirect object. You could NOT shorten this to Ayer Ana y yo lo fuimos. (Ana and I went to it) You did not GO the Movie, in the same way that you SAW the Movie. In the latter case you verbed (saw) the movie. In the former can you did not GO the movie...you went TO the movie. Just because you used TO doesn't mean that the movie was an indirect object of GO / went either. The movie did not receive any benefit/detriment from your "going." it was just WHERE you went. Info that answers where, why, how, is not an indirect object.
There are also:
Sentences with:
An indirect object and an indirect object
Example:
Dio el libro a Anna. el libro = DO, Anna = IO
An indirect object but no direct object.
Me gusta bailar.
No DO. IO = Me
The bottom line is you have to study Spanish for awhile with an organized course, or start to read Spanish and be aware of the different sentence structures used.
Generally by viewing and analyzing the various full sentence examples of a verb in the dictionary you can learn what the structure and requirements of each verb are. In some cases, a verb will utilize multiple structures...sometimes with different meanings...sometimes (but rarely) with the same meaning. When this is the case it can be more challenging to chose the right structure or more forgiving...you'll only find out which from practice.
You learn by studying, listening, reading and writing. When you write, if you're not sure about the requirements of a verb you try to figure it out by reviewing the dictionary entries. Then you give it a try.
If you use an IOP when you should use DOP or vice-versa, and upload your writing someone will correct you. This is the 2nd most important way to learn. (1st is reading the dictionary examples) Keep in mind, that with most grammatical persons, (1st, 2nd, 3rd) the IOP and DOP pronoun are the same...for example me/me, te/te, nos/nos. It is only with third person pronouns where there is a difference --> lo(la)/le and los(las)/les.
Therefore, you will learn from your mistakes more quickly if you tell stories using the third person point of view. Example: He gave it to them is third person. I gave it to you. is 1st and second person. You will learn much faster by using 3rd person narration because your mistakes will be revealed more quickly.
I gave you a lot to "chew on" If you don't understand something, ask for clarification.
Also, you may get better answers to your questions if you ask about specific instances of problems you are having rather than ask general , almost hypothetical questions.
For example:
If you have a question such as "How do I decide when to use an IOP pronoun vs a DO pronoun in a sentence" you are probably better off reading grammar articles on various websites regarding direct objects, indirect objectives, direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns, multiple object pronoun placement, etc., etc. rather than asking this type of question on a forum.
A much better question would involve specific sentences in English that you want to translate into Spanish, but you're not sure how to use indirect or direct object pronouns. Perhaps you have read several different dictionary sentences but you can't understand exactly how they apply to your specific use.
You lay out what you have read, and what your best guess is and ask if you are right or wrong. If you can't decide between two alternatives you show both and explain the pros and cons of each one in your mind. Now, we can see what you are thinking, what research you have done and someone can probably explain to you how to analyze your situation properly to come up with the right answer. You will really learn quickly if you do this.
¿Cómo se puede saber el objeto directo e indirecto, también cómo se sabe el verbo que toma objeto directo o indirecto?
El complemento directo en español siempre hace de sujeto pasivo en la pasiva.
Pepe compra un libro a su madre.
Su madre fue comprada.... not possible.
El libro fue comprado.......... perfect.
so the direct object is: el libro.
You cannot translate this into English, as in English it is possible to form a passive sentence with the indirect object being the subject of the passive sentence. Very odd, if you ask me 
