Etymological game (2)

Question

Grimm's law also says that the "k" sound generally remained in Latin, but it changed to "h" in Germanic languages, and sometimes changed to "p" or "t" in Greek. Examples:

*kerd ? cor/cordis (Latin) ? corazón (Spanish)

*kerd ? kardia (Greek) ? cardiology,...

*kerd ? *khertan (Proto-Germanic) ? heorte (Old English) ? heart

*kwis ? *khwo ? hwa ? who

*kwis ? qui (accusative: quem) ? quien (Spanish)

Examples of these are harder than the previous ones. Any guesses this time?

category. - 00494d19, May 3, 2011

Answer 1

Harvest - cosecha No, "Harvest" is related to "carpet" and "escaso" whereas "Cosecha" is related to "coger" and "collect". - lazarus1907

Exhaust - esquilmar this is Latin, so no connection there. - laz

Here - aquí Yes they are related, but Lazarus already had mentioned this last one. - laz

Right- recto These are related - laz

High, Hill - Culmen Also these - laz

Short, shirt, skirt - Corto They are cognates, and here corto has lost the initial "s" - laz

"Harvest" is related to "carpet" and "escaso". "Cosecha" is related to "coger" and "collect". - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

"Exhaust" is Latin, so no connection there. Right and recto are related, and so are "here" and "aquí", but I already have mentioned this last one. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Hill and culmen are cognates, but not high. Short and corto are also cognates, and so are skirt and shirt. Here corto has lost the initial "s". - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 2

Off the top of my head: caballo - horse.

Actually, surprisingly, "horse" is connected to "correr", not with "caballo". - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 3

Head - Cabeza

Hide,Hut - encubrir, cobertizo, oscuro, cutis, culo, etc.

Head is correct, but "hide" is only related to "oscuro" (=cubierto), "cutis", "culo" and another "cu..." that I can't write here, hehe. "Hut" is related to "hide". - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 4

hammer, hit or hew ? cortar, cortante, corte, golpe, colisionar, quebrar, añicos

Cortar (-> to make shorter), cortante and corte come from corto (short), related to curtail and short in English. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Hammer is related to acre (sharp flavour), agudo, aguja, óxido, acróbata and many many more, but none of your suggestions. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Hit is from Old Norse, but I have no further info about it. Hew is related to yunque (anvil) -> in + cudere (hew). - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Añicos is of uncertain origin. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Quebrar is related to craven and prepitate. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 5

cabeza - head

Already mentioned, hehe. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 6

cómo - how

Yes, although it has been mentioned before. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 7

qué - what

Correct, but Cogu already mentioned it. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 8

Perhaps - Quizás -> Perhaps means "per chance" (from hap-pening), while quizá comes from qui sapit (who knows) - lazarus1907

Happen- Ocurrir, suceder, acontecer (No clue about which of these could be related, if they are)

Whole - Completo

What - Qué, que : Which- Cuál, cual; When- Cuándo, cuando ; How- Cómo, como, cuánto, cuanto -> All these words as well quien, donde, who, whose, why, and where all share a common root: *kwo - lazarus1907

Cheese - Queso ( no creo que esta valga)-> Cheese comes from Latin caseus (= queso), but this has nothing to do with Grimm's law. - lazarus1907

Hundred - Cien (tampoco creo)

Home - Casa

Hand - Quiromancia, quiral ( chiromancy, chiral )

Perhaps means "per chance" (from hap-pening), while quizá comes from qui sapit (who knows) - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Cual, quien, cuando, que, como, cuyo, donde, who, whose, what, why, which, how, where all share a common root: *kwo - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Hundred and cien is correct! - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Wohoooo ! - cogumela, May 3, 2011

Cheese comes from Latin caseus (= queso), but this has nothing to do with Grimm's law. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

I'm not sure about hand, I need to check. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 9

Cuerno, Horn

Similar to Kiwi girl.

Correct. Also: carrot, carotene, craneum, migraine, keratin... - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 10

Heaps of words beginning with 'c' in Spanish also seem to begin with 'c' in English but using your info here's a couple of examples - although they may be pushing the envelope a bit lol :

copioso - heavy

corneto/corno - horn

corpulencia - heftiness

corrillo - huddle

I didn't know anything about Grimm or the changes he noted but out of interest just had a quick read and look around the net and read also about Verner's law. There seem to be a few examples popping up his law too

k -> b, d or g: cotilleo/gossip, creer/to believe, cremar (could you go with 'burn'?), crianza, breeding

Heavy is related to caber (!), but not copioso. Cuerno and horn are indeed irelated, and also with carrot. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Corpulencia and heftyness are not related, and corrillo is related to corridor, but not huddle. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Verner's law was a further improvement that explained why some sounds seemingly did not change (in reality they did) - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 11

You say the "k" sound, which I guess would include the letter "c"?

cavus : hole

You are correct, this is much more difficult!

Good guess, but the ultimate root of "hole" means "to conceil". If you want to try again, you'll find many words in Spanish (many of which also exist in English) - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Yes, it does include the letters "c" and "q". - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 12

I know that F from Latin can turn into an H in Spanish.

Fabula -> Habula -> Hablar

Well spot! Fabula and hablar are indeed related. I don't know what "habula" is, though. - lazarus1907, May 4, 2011

i thought it was just a transition, may be wrong though - Felixlynx, May 5, 2011

Answer 13

heddle, handle, heft, haft (English & other Germanic languages) --- capere (to take) & its derivations (Latin)

hall, hell, husk, hollow (English & other Germanic languages) --- cella, cell (storeroom) (Latin)

hound (English), hund German) --- canis (Latin)

That's not guessing. Those are typical textook examples. - lazarus1907, May 5, 2011

Yes, you did ask for guesses, not examples, sorry 8-{ - Lector_Constante, May 5, 2011

Answer 14

which - cual

hurt - cortar

Which appeared before. "Hurt" is a Germanic root, but it hasn't been traced very far back in time. "Cortar" is connected to curtail, short, skirt... - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011

Answer 15

I think herd and cortejo have the same Greek root kórthus.

κόρθυς (kórthus) and herd are related, but not cortejo, which is related to χόρτος (khórtos) and yard. - lazarus1907, May 3, 2011