idem

USAGE NOTE
This word may also be spelled "ídem."
idem(
ee
-
dehm
)
A pronoun is a word that stands in for a noun (e.g., she).
pronoun
a. ditto
Downing Street no quiere enfrentamientos con Alemania. La Casa Blanca, ídem.Downing Street doesn't want any confrontation with Germany. Ditto the White House.
b. idem
A word or phrase used to refer to the second person formal “usted” by their conjugation or implied context (e.g., usted).
(formal)
(in writing)
El asunto lo tratan Mascaró ("Ciencia para todos", 2014) y Cañabate ("Introducción a la física", idem).The matter is addressed by Mascaro ("Science for Everyone," 2014) and Canabate ("An Introduction to Physics," idem).
An adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective, or other adverbs (e.g., to run quickly, very tired).
adverb
2.
A word or phrase that is commonly used in conversational speech (e.g., skinny, grandma).
(colloquial)
(as well)
a. ditto
Nos encanta el vino. - A nosotros, idem.We love wine. - Ditto.
b. too
Estoy harta de todo. Necesito unas vacaciones. - Sí, yo idem.I'm fed up with everything. I need a vacation. - Yeah, me too.
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