Checkpoint 48

Quick Answer

¡Hola!In the lessons leading up to these checkpoint lessons, you learned to do the following in Spanish:

• use the passive voice

• use passive seconstructions

• talk about the Mayan city of Copán

• talk about Peruvian cuisine

• discuss typical Peruvian foods

• talk about the Panama Canal

• use vocabulary related to international trade and shipping

• talk about Taino culture

• discuss anthropological topics

Vocabulary

Let’s review the vocabulary you learned!

Adjectives

Spanish	English
ambiental	environmental
callejero	street
especial	special
estricto	strict
interesado	interested
marítimo	maritime
monumental	monumental
protector	protective
religioso	religious
rupestre	rock
sagrado	sacred
taíno	Taino

Adjective Phrase

Spanish	English
a la brasa	grilled

Adverbs

Spanish	English
meticulosamente	meticulously
vigorosamente	vigorously

Adverb Phrase

Spanish	English
a mano	by hand

Nouns

Spanish	English
la ampliación	expansion
el amuleto	amulet
el aniversario	anniversary
Arequipa	Arequipa
el artefacto	artifact
la astronomía	astronomy
el barro	clay, mud
el batú	batey
el bohío	bohio
la brasa	hot coal
el cacique, la cacica	chief
el canal	canal
la capa	layer
el caracol	seashell, snail
el cemí	zemi
el cincel	chisel
el conuco	conuco
Copán	Copán
la cuenta	bead
la década	decade
la deidad	deity
el dios, la diosa	god, goddess
la distancia	distance
el dujo	duho
el entrante	appetizer
la escalinata	steps, staircase
la esclusa	lock
la estela	stela
el estatus	status
la expansión	expansion
la fibra	fiber
la figura	figure
el flujo	flow
la generación	generation
el guaíza	guaiza
la hamaca	hammock
la hoja	leaf
el ídolo	idol
el, la inca	Inca
el ingreso	revenue, income
la inscripción	inscription
la ingeniería	engineering
el japonés, la japonesa	Japanese man, Japanese woman
el jeroglífico	hieroglyph
la joyería	jewelry
la lanza	spear
Lima	Lima
la medida	measure
la miel	honey
el mural	mural
la nasa	fish trap
la ocasión	occasion
la precisión	precision
la quinua	quinoa
la soya	soy
la tumba	tomb
el túnel	tunnel
el utensilio	utensil

Noun Phrases

Spanish	English
el Caribe	the Caribbean
el instrumento musical	musical instrument

Culinary Terms

Spanish	English	Explanation
el ají de gallina	chicken aji	Ají de gallina is like a chicken chili stew that is often served with potatoes and rice.
la butifarra	butifarra	Butifarra—in Peru—refers to a ham sandwich with a special sauce, served on a roll.
la causa limeña	causa limeña	Causa limeña is a layered dish, with the top and bottom layers being potato, and a filling of a white meat like chicken.
la chicha morada	chicha morada	Chicha morada is a drink made from purple corn that has been boiled with other ingredients, such as pineapple peels and cinnamon.
el chupe de camarones	chupe de camarones	Chupe de camarones is a thick shrimp chowder.
las hojas de bijao	calathea leaves	Hojas de bijao are used to wrap juanes.
el juane	juane	Juanes are balls of rice with chicken, hard-boiled eggs, and spices. They’re wrapped and cooked in hojas de bijao.
la leche de tigre	leche de tigre	Leche de tigre is the citrus-based mixture that cures the fish used in ceviche. It can also be used on its own as a drink.
la ocopa	ocopa	Ocopa is a sauce with chili, onion, garlic, Peruvian black mint, and queso fresco.
la pachamanca	pachamanca	Pachamanca is a dish with meat and vegetables that is baked using hot stones
el picarón	picaron	Picarones are a squash and sweet potato doughnut.
el queso fresco	queso fresco	Queso fresco is a soft, uncured cheese.
el rocoto relleno	stuffed rocoto	Rocotos rellenos are peppers stuffed with ground beef, vegetables, and spices.
el suspiro limeño	suspiro limeño	Suspiro limeño is a dessert made with milk, sugar, egg yolks, and vanilla topped with meringue.
el tiradito	tiradito	Tiradito is a raw fish dish that is covered in a spicy sauce.

Prepositional Phrase

Spanish	English
a través de	through

Verbs

Here are the verbs you learned!

Spanish Infinitive	English	Past Participle
abandonar	to abandon	abandonado
aderezar	to dress	aderezado
asar	to roast	asado
cazar	to hunt	cazado
cocer	to cook	cocido
confeccionar	to make	confeccionado
controlar	to control	controlado
descifrar	to decipher	descifrado
emplear	to employ	empleado
erigir	to erect	erigido
esculpir	to carve	esculpido
excavar	to dig, to excavate	excavado
fabricar	to make	fabricado
generar	to generate	generado
hallar	to find	hallado
influenciar	to influence	influenciado
marinar	to marinate	marinado
narrar	to tell	narrado
popularizar	to popularize	popularizado
rebozar	to cover in batter, to bread	rebozado
redescubrir	to rediscover	redescubierto
reducir	to reduce	reducido
rellenar	to fill	rellenado
sazonar	to season	sazonado
tallar	to carve	tallado
transferir	to transfer	transferido
venerar	to revere	venerado