Checkpoint 35

Quick Answer

¡Hola!In the lessons leading up to these checkpoint lessons, you learned to do the following in Spanish:

• express one’s fears

• answer someone who is expressing their fears

• use vocabulary related to emotions

• talk about festivals

• use vocabulary related to chocolate

• use the passive and impersonal se in the subjunctive

• prohibit something

• demand that someone do something

• use vocabulary related to rules

• talk about Joya de Ceren, a pre-Columbian Mayan village in El Salvador

• use vocabulary related to tourism

• make recommendations

Vocabulary

Let’s review the vocabulary you learned!

Adjectives

Spanish	English
angustiado	anxious
apoyado	supported
bilingüe	bilingual
conservado	preserved
encendido	on [light, machine]
fijo	fixed
gastronómico	gastronomic
guiado	guided
lógico	logical
masificado	overcrowded
maya	Mayan
mensual	monthly
precolombino	pre-Columbian
temático	thematic

Adverbs

Spanish	English
anualmente	annually
diariamente	daily
hondo	deeply
libremente	freely
regularmente	regularly
suavemente	gently

Nouns

Spanish	English
el, la amante	lover
el audífono	headphones
el cacao	cacao
el cacaotero, la cacaotera	cacao grower
el comercio	commercial
la conservación	conservation
la cosecha	harvest
la degustación	tasting
la gastronomía	cuisine
el lobo	wolf
el monstruo	monster
la multitud	crowd
la norma	rule
el origen	origin
el pasillo	hallway
el plástico	plastic
la regla	rule
el respeto	respect
la señalización	signs
la sostenibilidad	sustainability
el turno	turn
la UNESCO	UNESCO
la variedad	variety
la vivienda	dwelling

Noun Phrases

Spanish	English
el bloqueador solar	sunblock
el patrimonio de la humanidad	World Heritage

Preposition

Spanish	English
tras	after

Prepositional Phrase

Spanish	English
con llave	locked [with a key]

Verbs

Here are the verbs you learned!

Averiarse

Averiarse(to break down [machine]) is a pronominal -ar verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
él, ella, ello	se averíe	he, she, it breaks down
ellos, ellas	se averíen	they break down

Confiar

Confiar(to trust) is an -ar verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	confíe	I trust
tú	confíes	you trust	informal singular you
vos	confíes	you trust	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	confíe	he, she trusts
usted	confíe	you trust	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	confiemos	we trust
vosotros, vosotras	confiéis	you trust	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	confíen	they trust
ustedes	confíen	you trust	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Note that there is no stem change in the nosotros and the vosotros forms of confiar.

Exponerse

Exponerse(to display) is a pronominal -er verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me exponga	I display
tú	te expongas	you display	informal singular you
vos	te expongas	you display	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se exponga	he, she displays
usted	se exponga	you display	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos expongamos	we display
vosotros, vosotras	os expongáis	you display	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se expongan	they display
ustedes	se expongan	you display	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Fracasar

Fracasar(to fail) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	fracase	I fail
tú	fracases	you fail	informal singular you
vos	fracases	you fail	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	fracase	he, she fails
usted	fracase	you fail	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	fracasemos	we fail
vosotros, vosotras	fracaséis	you fail	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	fracasen	they fail
ustedes	fracasen	you fail	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Fumar

Fumar(to smoke) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	fume	I smoke
tú	fumes	you smoke	informal singular you
vos	fumes	you smoke	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	fume	he, she smokes
usted	fume	you smoke	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	fumemos	we smoke
vosotros, vosotras	fuméis	you smoke	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	fumen	they smoke
ustedes	fumen	you smoke	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Guardar

Guardar(to put away) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	guarde	I put away
tú	guardes	you put away	informal singular you
vos	guardes	you put away	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	guarde	he, she puts away
usted	guarde	you put away	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	guardemos	we put away
vosotros, vosotras	guardéis	you put away	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	guarden	they put away
ustedes	guarden	you put away	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Lastimarse

Lastimarse(to get hurt) is an -ar pronominal verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me lastime	I get hurt
tú	te lastimes	you get hurt	informal singular you
vos	te lastimes	you get hurt	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se lastime	he, she gets hurt
usted	se lastime	you get hurt	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos lastimemos	we get hurt
vosotros, vosotras	os lastiméis	you get hurt	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se lastimen	they get hurt
ustedes	se lastimen	you get hurt	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Mentir

Mentir(to lie) is an -ir verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	mienta	I lie
tú	mientas	you lie	informal singular you
vos	mientas	you lie	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	mienta	he, she lies
usted	mienta	you lie	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	mintamos	we lie
vosotros, vosotras	mintáis	you lie	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	mientan	they lie
ustedes	mientan	you lie	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Ofrecerse

Ofrecerse(to offer) is a pronominal -er verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	me ofrezca	I offer
tú	te ofrezcas	you offer	informal singular you
vos	te ofrezcas	you offer	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	se ofrezca	he, she offers
usted	se ofrezca	you offer	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	nos ofrezcamos	we offer
vosotros, vosotras	os ofrezcáis	you offer	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	se ofrezcan	they offer
ustedes	se ofrezcan	you offer	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Permitir

Permitir(to allow) is an -ir verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	permita	I allow
tú	permitas	you allow	informal singular you
vos	permitas	you allow	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	permita	he, she allows
usted	permita	you allow	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	permitamos	we allow
vosotros, vosotras	permitáis	you allow	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	permitan	they allow
ustedes	permitan	you allow	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Progresar

Progresar(to make progress) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	progrese	I make progress
tú	progreses	you make progress	informal singular you
vos	progreses	you make progress	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	progrese	he, she makes progress
usted	progrese	you make progress	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	progresemos	we make progress
vosotros, vosotras	progreséis	you make progress	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	progresen	they make progress
ustedes	progresen	you make progress	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Prohibir

Prohibir(to prohibit) is an -ir verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	prohíba	I prohibit
tú	prohíbas	you prohibit	informal singular you
vos	prohíbas	you prohibit	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	prohíba	he, she prohibits
usted	prohíba	you prohibit	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	prohibamos	we prohibit
vosotros, vosotras	prohibáis	you prohibit	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	prohíban	they prohibit
ustedes	prohíban	you prohibit	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Note that there is no accent over the i in the nosotros and vosotros forms of prohibir.

Realzar

Realzar(to highlight) is an -ar verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	realce	I highlight
tú	realces	you highlight	informal singular you
vos	realces	you highlight	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	realce	he, she highlights
usted	realce	you highlight	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	realcemos	we highlight
vosotros, vosotras	realcéis	you highlight	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	realcen	they highlight
ustedes	realcen	you highlight	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Reconocer

Reconocer(to recognize) is an -er verb that has a stem change in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	reconozca	I recognize
tú	reconozcas	you recognize	informal singular you
vos	reconozcas	you recognize	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	reconozca	he, she recognizes
usted	reconozca	you recognize	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	reconozcamos	we recognize
vosotros, vosotras	reconozcáis	you recognize	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	reconozcan	they recognize
ustedes	reconozcan	you recognize	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Soportar

Soportar(to stand [put up with]) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	soporte	I stand
tú	soportes	you stand	informal singular you
vos	soportes	you stand	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	soporte	he, she stands
usted	soporte	you stand	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	soportemos	we stand
vosotros, vosotras	soportéis	you stand	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	soporten	they stand
ustedes	soporten	you stand	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Tirar

Tirar(to throw out [trash]) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	tire	I throw out
tú	tires	you throw out	informal singular you
vos	tires	you throw out	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	tire	he, she throws out
usted	tire	you throw out	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	tiremos	we throw out
vosotros, vosotras	tiréis	you throw out	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	tiren	they throw out
ustedes	tiren	you throw out	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)

Verb Phrases

Check out the verb phrases you learned!

Faltar al respeto

Faltar al respeto(to disrespect) is an -ar verb that is regular in the present subjunctive.

Pronoun(s)	Conjugation	Translation	Notes
yo	falte al respeto	I disrespect
tú	faltes al respeto	you disrespect	informal singular you
vos	faltes al respeto	you disrespect	informal singular you (in parts of Latin America)
él, ella	falte al respeto	he, she disrespects
usted	falte al respeto	you disrespect	formal singular you
nosotros, nosotras	faltemos al respeto	we disrespect
vosotros, vosotras	faltéis al respeto	you disrespect	informal plural you (in Spain)
ellos, ellas	falten al respeto	they disrespect
ustedes	falten al respeto	you disrespect	plural you (in Latin America), formal plural you (in Spain)