Why tiene and esta?

Question

why are the sentences like this

él está avergonzado
él está enfermo
and
él tiene dolor
él tiene miedo

does él tiene avergonzado or él esta miedo work'

Answer 1

you could say "él tiene verguenza" but as cherry says, with fear or to be afraid you have to use tener,

Answer 2

Avergonzado (ashamed) and enfermo (sick) are adjectives of temporary condition. These require the use of a form of estar.

Dolor (ache) and miedo ( fear) are nouns.

This link is to a video in the forum about the verb estar and the uses of it.
[url=http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1782&context=user]http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1782&context=user[/url]

The following links are to videos in the forum about idiomatic expressions with tener.
[url=http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1767]http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1767[/url]

[url=http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1770&context=user]http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1770&context=user[/url]

[url=http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1773&context=user]http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1773&context=user[/url]

[url=http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1776&context=user]http://learnspanish.spanishdict.com/video/video/show'id=1710195%3AVideo%3A1776&context=user[/url]