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Esperar (indicativo) + pasado. Subjuntivo?

Esperar (indicativo) + pasado. Subjuntivo?

6
votes

First post. Gracias por su paciencia!

I understand the basic principles of using the subjunctive when both clauses are in the present tense. But what if the second clause is in the past tense?

For example, "I hope you find your dog." - Espero que encuentres a tu perro." But "I hope you found your dog." leaves me baffled. Do I use the imperfect subjunctive for encontrar or how do I say this?

I've searched the Q&As; and did not find any posts directly addressing this.

Muchas gracias!

2151 views
updated Sep 5, 2017
posted by Delphimom
Welcome to SpanishDict, Delphimon. - rac1, Sep 3, 2017
Thank you. This forum is very helpful! - Delphimom, Sep 3, 2017

10 Answers

5
votes

Thanks all! In English, I think there are subtle differences between "found" and "have found." So in Spanish is the typical construction in this situation to use the perfect ("have")?

Hi Delphi, welcome to the forum smile

Well, Spanish is not as rigid with tenses as English, especially concerning past tenses.

You could say both.

Espero que encontraras tu perro.

Espero que hayas encontrado tu perro.

The latter would be more colloquial here in Spain, unlike in other countries, where I have heard preterit more often used than here.

updated Sep 4, 2017
edited by 006595c6
posted by 006595c6
Super helpful! - Delphimom, Sep 3, 2017
my pleasure delph - 006595c6, Sep 3, 2017
5
votes

Hello Delphimom

Welcome to our Spanishdict forum smile

You asked:

First post. Gracias por su paciencia! I understand the basic principles of using the subjunctive when both clauses are in the present tense. But what if the second clause is in the past tense For example, "I hope you find your dog." - Espero que encuentres a tu perro." But "I hope you found your dog." leaves me baffled. Do I use the imperfect subjunctive for encontrar or how do I say this? I've searched the Q&As; and did not find any posts directly addressing this. Muchas gracias!

You would say in your examole: I hope you found (ie: have found) your dog.

= Espero que hayas encontrado a tu perro.

Another examole:

¡Espero que hayas disfrutado tus vacaciones.

= I hope that you have enjoyed your holidays smile

This tense that I have used above is called the perfect subjunctive (el perfecto fe subjunctivo) smile

I hope this helps smile

Corrijan mi español si es necesario. por favor smile

updated Sep 4, 2017
edited by FELIZ77
posted by FELIZ77
4
votes

Espero que hayas encontrado a tu perro.

Sorry but shouldn't it also be in English "I hope you have found your dog"? Or at least isn't it a possibility?

Espero que vayas al cine mañana.
Espero que hayas ido al cine ayer.
Espero que tengas una fiesta mañana.
Espero que hayas tenido una fiesta ayer
Espero que no trabajes mucho mañana .
Espero que no hayas trabajado mucho ayer.

updated Sep 4, 2017
edited by polenta1
posted by polenta1
4
votes

Thanks all! In English, I think there are subtle differences between "found" and "have found." So in Spanish is the typical construction in this situation to use the perfect ("have")?

updated Sep 4, 2017
posted by Delphimom
3
votes

I agree with Feliz. polenta and Julián. The present tense in the main (indicative) clause calls for a present tense in the subjoined clause, or at least a present perfect. "hayas encontrado."

The fact that English can juggle it's tenses and hardly ever have to worry about the subjunctive doesn't mean that we can do the same in Spanish.

The use of the present perfect subjunctive sounds better and I believe it follows the usual pattern of speech by native speakers such as myself, Julián and Polenta.

updated Sep 5, 2017
posted by Daniela2041
Heidi is a native apaker. - rac1, Sep 4, 2017
I know that. I'm just saying that I agree with the others. There have been disagreements between both Spanish and English native speakers. It makes things really interesting. - Daniela2041, Sep 4, 2017
Yes, I agree with you there. - rac1, Sep 4, 2017
Yes, that's true...nothing wrong with that. You're absolutely right. :) - rac1, Sep 4, 2017
Heidi , what is your definition of a "Spanish native speaker " ? - ray76, Sep 5, 2017
3
votes

For those who think or argue that the past is not only not "proper" but actually wrong, I suggest you read this interesting thread.

espero que ...creo que....

I will just copy a short extract here.

El pretérito perfecto expresa anterioridad en un tiempo no terminado o anterioridad a un tiempo futuro:

Espero que haya visitado a sus padres (esta semana) . Espero que haya estudiado (cuando haga el examen).

El pretértito imperfecto de subjuntivo puede expresar posterioridad o simultaneidad con respecto a un pasado o a un condicional y anterioridad con respecto a un presente.

Espero que disfrutaras la película (que viste ayer).

Y para terminar, y , Daniela, te sugiero que revises el uso del subjuntivo , esto:

Bárbara Mujica en su libro El próximo paso sugiere lo siguiente: "El pasado de subjuntivo puede emplearse en la cláusula subordinada para referirse al pasado, aun si el verbo de la cláusula principal está en presente: Me alegro de que ganara la elección" (p.231). Hasta acá, no contradecimos lo que acordamos entre todos, pero agrega: "Sin embargo, muchos hispanohablantes prefieren emplear el perfecto de subjuntivo en esta situación [...]: Me alegro de que haya ganado la elección". Si bien es cierto que los ejemplos que propone la autora no tienen marcas temporales (y que por eso daría la impresión de que el perfecto y el imperfecto están correctamente utilizados), lo cierto es que en la explicación habla de preferencias y, así, los propone como intercambiables.

updated Sep 4, 2017
posted by 006595c6
Estaba preocupada que preguntar una tanta pregunta. - Delphimom, Sep 4, 2017
Pregunta tanta. - Delphimom, Sep 4, 2017
3
votes

The fact that English can juggle it's tenses

Me pregunto cómo habrás llegado a esto...el inglés es mucho más estricto con los tiempos que de ninguna manera se pueden usar al libre albedrío.

The use of the present perfect subjunctive sounds better and I believe it follows the usual pattern of speech by native speakers such as myself, Julián and Polenta.

Yo no he dicho en ningún momento que no se puede o no se debe usar el pretérito perfecto. Yo dije que el pretérito perfecto simple se puede usar, no que sonara mejor.

Es más, dije esto:

Espero que encontraras tu perro.

Espero que hayas encontrado tu perro.

The latter would be more colloquial here in Spain,

native speakers such as myself, Julián and Polenta.

Se ve que no eres española, porque en España somos diferentes wink

updated Sep 4, 2017
edited by 006595c6
posted by 006595c6
Thanks, Heidi. :) - rac1, Sep 4, 2017
3
votes

Some people would argue that past subjunctive of encontrar could be used, encontraras, but grammatically this can´t be correct

Julian, please, check "esperar que + subjunctive". I mean, there is simply no place to argue this, you are a native speaker and know that esperar que is always followed by subjunctive if the subject of the first and the second sentence are different.

Taken from Instituto Cervantes.

"Caperucita roja esperaba A QUE la recogiera su abuela".

Además de que, en términos generales, en la gran mayoría de ocasiones, la construcción "esperar QUE o A QUE" (que, con todo, no significa exactamente lo mismo: deseo de algo, esperanza en que ocurra, o DLE: Permanecer en sitio adonde se cree que ha de ir alguien) exige el verbo de la subordinada en subjuntivo -espero que vengas, espero a que entres en el portal, espero que lo pases bien, esperó a que lo alcanzara-, en este caso, la espera de Caperucita tiene una finalidad, la llegada de la abuela "a" o "para" recogerla. Y la finalidad exige subjuntivo en la subordinada, siempre que el sujeto de la principal y el de esta sean diferentes, como es el caso. La correspondencia de verbos, por otra parte, es justamente la que propones: Pret. imperfecto (ind.) Pret. imperfecto (sub.)

updated Sep 4, 2017
posted by 006595c6
Read the answer again, my queen. I never said that "esperar que" could be followed by anything other than subjunctive - 005faa61, Sep 4, 2017
Some people would argue that past subjunctive of encontrar could be used, encontraras, but grammatically this can´t be correct....eso es lo que dijiste. - 006595c6, Sep 4, 2017
"grammatically this can´t be correct or at least not common" y sí, no es común por lo menos en las Americas. "El pretértito imperfecto de subjuntivo puede expresar posterioridad" "puede expresar" dar a entender que no es común pero está permitido" - 005faa61, Sep 4, 2017
A eso voy - 005faa61, Sep 4, 2017
No es así, julian, pero tú mismo, paz y felicidad para todos :) - 006595c6, Sep 4, 2017
3
votes

Thanks all! In English, I think there are subtle differences between "found" and "have found." So in Spanish is the typical construction in this situation to use the perfect ("have")?

I agree with FELIZ.

In this case of a wish of past action, there isn´t really an issue of "found / have found" as in English because we must use a subjunctive mood, so simple past tense can not be used.

Some people would argue that past subjunctive of encontrar could be used, encontraras, but grammatically this can´t be correct or at least not common because while this would indicate a wish of past action in this case, it also indicates an action that has not yet happened in the past, which is why we normally use this tense, ie: Antes de que te dieras cuenta de la pérdida de tu perro, yo lo vi en el centro.

updated Sep 4, 2017
edited by 005faa61
posted by 005faa61
no puedes hablar en serio, julian - 006595c6, Sep 3, 2017
2
votes

Estaba preocupada que preguntar una tanta pregunta. - Delphimom

Hi delph, you don't have to be worried about a thing, there is nothing unclear about this issue.

thanks for posting and hoping to see you around. smile

updated Sep 5, 2017
posted by 006595c6