Oraciones Híbridas

Question

the freezer's frozen the fridge The students studies some studies The light ligths the road The driver'd driven the bus The singer sings songs The teacher's teaching the lason The cook cooks some cakes

Como pasarlas a oraciones Híbridas?

Welcome to the forum, solvey. We ask all members to fill out their profiles with, at a minimum, their level of fluency in English and Spanish. It helps us to determine what kind of help is appropriate for you. I'm not sure what you want us to do with . . - AnnRon, Feb 2, 2015

. . . those "oraciones híbridas." - AnnRon, Feb 2, 2015

My English teacher gave us those prayers so that we pass Hybrid - solvey14, Feb 2, 2015

I'm sorry, solvey, but I have no earthly idea what your English teacher is trying to get you to do or what you want from us. Can you explain a little bit? - AnnRon, Feb 2, 2015

Prayers???? Wow! ¡En la vida! - Daniela2041, Feb 2, 2015

He gave us an example where we had to put the subject , auxiliary , past participle (to be) , the gerundo and complement. S = The students Have Aux = Past participle = Been Gerundo = listening Complement = the class - solvey14, Feb 2, 2015

1st studies --> study (plural), ligths --> lights, lason --> lesson, gerundo-->gerund. Also that last sentence seems incomplete.. - Suzanne_Romijnders, Feb 2, 2015

Answer 1

I think you teacher wants you to devide those sentences into constituents, name and possibly organise them in a sentence diagram or 'hybrid tree-diagram; .

A constituent is a part of a sentence that consists of at least 1 word and, forms a coherent group with a clear function.

Step 0: Something I find handy to do is to write down the sentence with extra big spaces between the words before starting, so you can easily mark each constituent by putting brackets around it. Also make sure the is a loot of space above it. ^^

Step 1: There are several ways to test if something is a constituent. For example: 'Suzy likes to explain things with a lot of examples.'

Test 1: Questions: Who likes to explain complicated things with a lot of examples? --> Suzy = constituent

or: What does Suzy like to explain with a lot of examples? --> complicated things = constituent

or: With what does Suzy like to explain complicated things? --> a lot of examples = constituent

or: What does Suzy like to do? --> (to) explain complicated things with a lot of examples = constituent

wrong: *With a lot what does Suzy like to explain complicated things? -/-> of examples = not a constituent

Test 2: Replacement: Daniel likes to explain complicated things with a lot of examples. --> Suzy = constituent

or: Suzy likes to explain complicated things with a lot of cursing. --> examples = constituent

or: Suzy likes to explain her opinions with a lot of examples. --> complicated things = constituent.

wrong:*That boy to explain complicated things with a lot of examples. -/-> Suzy likes = not a constituent.

Test 3: Moving: (English doesn't allow as much freedom in moving constituents around as f.e. Spanish, so I'd only use this one if the first 2 tests are somehow too difficult to use for your specific sentence... I really advise you to use 1 and 2. If you must use this one, move what u think the constituent is to the front and see if you can make it work: )

With a lot of examples, (is how) Suzy likes to explain complicated things. --> with a lot of examples = constituent.

wrong:*Likes to Suzy complicated things with a lot of examples. -/-> likes to = not a constituent.

A candidate for a constituent only has to pass 1 test; if it does, it will pass all of them (if you did it correctly). My advise is to use test 1 first, then check your answers with test 2, and for English sentences, don't use test 3. With practise, you'll learn to see the constituents without using any tests, and it'll all go a lot faster!

So: words can form part of several constituents, but they aren't random: they build on each other. F.e.: 'examples' is a constituent, but also 'a lot of examples' and 'with a lot of examples' ánd '(to) explain things with a lot of examples'. As you can see, each bigger constituent (one step higher in the hybrid tree!) includes not one or a few, but ALL of the words in the previous constituent: it is NOT split up and parcially re-used.

Make sure you have made each and every word in the sentence part of at least one constituent before moving on to step 2!! (Which is much more clear and fun. )

F.e., right now you should have this: (Suzy) ((likes) ((to (explain))) (complicated (things)) (with (a lot of (examples)))).

(Make sure you close every bracket that you open! The whole phrase is a constituent as well, but there's no real need to mark it as such. You can if you want to. I think I got all of them, but I haven't done this in English very often and its not my native language, so I might've missed one. )

Let me know if you're with me so far before I continue explaining. If not, I'll try to find a way to make it clearer. ^^ If so: devide your own phrases in constituents by putting brackets between them. Hint: The verbs that are just 's or 'd are seperate words, too! Treat them as such; you can write them out fully if that helps. Take a photo or type it out, show me, and I'll say if it's good so far.

Example: (The (freezer)) (('s) ((frozen) (the (fridge)))).

Once you're done with this, congratz! You have finished the most difficult step! On to the next, let's see some results!

Source: memories from a course in linguistics at the university

What an amazing answer. Many thanks for taking so much trouble. - annierats, Feb 2, 2015

No problem, I love to help whenever I know how. :) - Suzanne_Romijnders, Feb 2, 2015

I made it quite a bit more expansive than necessary for that specific exercise, as I saw that so many people seemed unfamiliar with this; I took it as a learning opportunity for all. ^^ - Suzanne_Romijnders, Feb 2, 2015