No. 32 - Weekly perífrasis verbales: Practice Exercise: Llevar + participio
No. 32 - Weekly perífrasis verbales: Practice Exercise: Llevar + participio
Note well - this week's perífrases verbales starts with the word llevar then adds a participio form of another verb. Did you forget what a participio is? Here's a little help from the grammar section of this site: past participle - participio
And a book that uses them from Kiwi-Girl: ¿Qué he hecho book by Kiwi-Girl?
We have used llevar before with llevar + gerundio (no. 13), but this has a different usage and meaning.
Llevar + participio
To have done something - > (use a participio verb like 'lost' = perdida -> Change verb from its infinitive form to its participio form - perder + ida = perdida.)
*"to have done something ......."
Example/Ejemplo
Los Celtics llevan ganados hasta ahora todos los partidos de la liga.
So far the Celtics have won all its league matches.
Ej from the SD dictionary:
Llevo leída media novella. -> I'm halfway through the novel.
Llevo dicho esto mismo docenas de veces -> I've said the same thing time and again.
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A ‘perífrasis verbal’ is a structure with a helping verb plus an ‘infinitivo’ or a ‘gerundio’ (verb that ends in ar, er, ir).
More info on perifrasis verbales: a helpful link
Good link to explain perifrases verbales: great link by another SD contributor
Let’s practice a few of these in simple sentences. Here are the rules:
1.One sentence per post.
2.Use the ‘perífrasis verbal’ for this week in a sentence in Spanish. Then write it in English.
3.You may post one image to illustrate your sentence.
SilviaC will be the corrector for the Spanish. I will help out on the English. SilviaC ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Una “perífrasis verbal” tiene una estructura con un verbo auxiliar y un “infinitivo” o “gerundio”.
Vamos a practicar un poco estas estructuras en oraciones simples. Estas son las reglas:
1.Una oración por respuesta
2.Usa la perífrasis verbal escogida para esta semana y escribe una oración con ella en español y en inglés.
3.Puedes usar una imagen para ilustrar tu respuesta.
SilviaC será la correctora de español. Yo ayudaré con el inglés.
*If you missed last week's practice here is the link: No. 31 verse + participio
9 Answers
Llevo aprendido que el tiempo es más valioso que el dinero.
I have learned that time is more valuable than money.
A possible link that further explains Verbal Periphrasis. It's all in Spanish, so I chose the Google option to translate. It helped me because if I can understand how it works in my native language (English), then I have an easier time applying it in another language. Hope this helps everyone.
The feather has blown away in the gust of wind.
La ráfaga lleva tirado lejos la pluma.
With Silvia's suggestions: La pluma lleva volados varios kilómetros gracias al viento.
Llevan trabajado hasta la medianoche.
They have worked until midnight.
I originally started this thread because I needed help understanding perífrasis verbales too. With that in mind, I welcome all input to this week's usage and phrase. I've done a little research with my limited Spanish and hope this helps with some of the questions brought up today. There has been some confusion on this week's perífrasis verbales.
LLevar + participio fits into the terminativas o resultativas category and indicates an action that is terminated (TERMINATIVAS (o RESULTATIVAS).- Indican acción acabada). After the participle is used.
Here are some examples from the SD dictionary under llevar (after a participle):
(antes de participio)
Llevo leída media novella. -> I'm halfway through the novel.
Llevo dicho esto mismo docenas de veces -> I've said the same thing time and again.
You may also use an adjective in conjunction with it, but the participio must stand first.
?Anda enamorado y triste ?Tengo rotos y sucios los zapatos
If you use 'llevar + adjective" according to this source, it is not technically a perífrasis verbales. This link may be helpful and comes from lengualiteratura. I've added the English translation below.
Ej. = ?Llevan marcados veinte puntos. (No es perífrasis) = Llevan veinte puntos.
PERÍFRASIS CON PARTICIPIO: Pruebas para determinar si son perífrasis. 1.La posibilidad de sustitución del participio por un adjetivo, por un adverbio o locución adverbial o un complemento circunstancial muestran también el carácter no perifrástico de la construcción:
Ej. ?Lleva puesto el sombrero ?Lleva así el sombrero ?Lleva en la cabeza el sombrero
PERIPHRASIS with PARTICIPLE: Tests to determine if they are periphrasis. 1. Possibility of substitution of the participle by an adjective, an adverb or adverbial phrase or a circumstantial complement also show no periphrastic construction character.
Hoy día la tiranía lleva puestas las ropas de la "democracia", "libertad", "progreso", "fe" y "civilización".
Nowadays tyranny wears the robes of "democracy", "freedom", "progress", "faith", and "civilisation."
In the above example, "...llevan ganados...", could someone explain why it would not be "llevan ganado"? As an alternative, could I have said, "...han ganado...", or would it also have to be "...han ganados...? I'm confused.
Margarita lleva ido a casa para hacer sus ejercicios hoy. Margarita has gone home to do her exercises today.
I'm trying again to see if I can get a more illustrative sentence of this per. fr.: My first attempt was a mess.
Lleva limpiado toda la casa.
She's cleaned the whole house.
I found this helpful powerpoint (if the music irritates you - mute). It's all in Spanish so use your translator on this site for additional information in English.
Perífrasis verbales con Los Simpsons
There is an example of llevar + participio in the first option of the powerpoint:
Bart lleva castigado toda la tarde.
