"Tener que..." I'm very curious :)
I think "tener que" is a lot more complex than it seems. "tener que + infinitive" means " To have to do something."
Tengo que sacar la basura. - I have to take out the trash.
Tengo mucho que hacer. - I have a lot to do.
Y los siguientes...
What's new to me is that I can add "qué, quién," and "dónde," and the correct preposition, and I get this...
No tienes con quién salir. Vas a la fiesta sin novia.
You don't have anyone to go out with. You are going to the party without a girlfriend.
Había gastado todo su dinero y no tenía con qué pagar el casero. Perdió su casa.
He had spent all his money and he didn't have anything to pay the landlord with. He lost his house.
No tiene a quién acudir, no tiene a dónde ir, y ya no tiene donde caerse muerto.
He doesn't have anyone to turn to, he doesn't have anywhere to go, and now he doesn't have anywhere to die.
(The last one probably means "he's flat broke")
¿Están correctos esos ejemplos?
Oh, and I almost forgot....
5 Answers
Yes, your examples are correct. These are formal structures but quite common because Spanish can still be spoken in a formal manner where English is no longer used this way.
So what you are really saying, ie "No tienes con quién salir" is "You don´t have anyone with whom to go out," or "Había gastado todo su dinero y no tenía con qué pagar el casero" being "He had spent all his money and didn´t have with which to pay the landlord."
English can still be spoken this way if one chooses and it´s actually very refreshing to hear.
You are correct in the basic structure of "tener que" but your examples don't really mesh with what you are getting at. When you try to say "you don't have anyone" you wouldn't use tener que, it would just be no tienes alguien or tienes nadie and those structures don't use "quién". Same thing with "he didn't have anything" - it also doesn't use "tener que" unless you made it "he didn't have to have anythig" (él no tenía que tener algo which uses the pase tense of tener but doesn't use "quién" or "dónde". This structure really only works with "que". Hope that helps! ~Ave
Tengo un amigo a quien visitar. This sounds a bit odd to me..( But that doesn't mean it's wrong!)
Suggestion: Tengo un amigo y hay que visitarle????
I'm only putting it up in to get more suggestions, very interesting question, Guitar.
Yes, I know about the "haber de, tener que, and haber que" as aylino pointed out, and even "deber." But I see something in English that follows an interesting pattern. I think I'm getting it. Are these right?
Tengo que lavar los platos. - I have to wash the dishes.
Tengo platos que lavar. (correcto?) - I have dishes to clean.
Tengo que visitar a mi amigo. - I have to visit my friend.
Tengo un amigo a quien visitar. - I have a friend to visit.
No tengo nadie, así que no puedo acudir a nadie. - I don't have anyone, so I can't turn to anyone.
No tengo a quién acudir. - I don't have anyone to turn to.
I'm sorry I'm taking this long to get it, thanks everyone for being patient! 
Tener que + infinitive is a verbal periphasis which is almost synonymous with the verbal periphasises '' Haber que + infinitive'' and ''Haber de + infinitive''.These verbal periphasises express an obligation and are translateed "To have to + infinitive".How did I understand the meaning of these verbal periphasises?.
TENER QUE + INFINITIVE express usually an imposed obligation :
Primero tienes que trabajar y,despues yo,te pagará =First you have to work and,then,I'll pay you
HABER QUE + INFINITIVE is synonymous with "Tener que + infinitive",is an impersonal construction which is used only at third person,singular when we don't know or "we don't want" to know who is the subject.Hay is the impersonal form of the indicative,present,third person,singular
: Hay que trabajar si queres dinero = You have to work,if you want money Hay que trabajar si ella quiere dinero = She has to work,she wants money Hay que trabajar si quereis dinero = You have to work,if you want money HABER DE + INFINITIV express an attenuated obligation,sometimes just an intention and is used in literary spanish: He de estudiar = I have to study At the beginning,in my opinion, you have to remember that these constructions express AN OBLIGATION and you can use verbs and constructions which express an obligation The context decides the meaning of these constructions: Tienes que estudiar,si quieres saber castellano / Hay que estudiar si quieres saber castellano / Has de estudiar, si quieres saber castellano = You have to study if you want know spanish / You must study if you want to know spanish / you are obligated to study if you want saber spanish
Tener que + infinitivo es una perífrasis verbal que es casí sinónimo de las perífrasis verbales ''Haber que + infinitivo" and ''Haber de + infinitivo".Estas perífrasis verbales expriman una obligación y se traducen "To have to + infinitivo".¿Comó he entendido el significado de estas perífrasis verbales?. TENER QUE + INFINITIVO exprima, por lo genral, una obligacción impuesta: Primero tienes que trabajar y,despues, yo te pagará. =First you have to work and,then,I'll pay you. HABER QUE + INFINITIVO es sinónimo de ''Tener que + infinitivo", es una construcción impersonal que se usa solo en la tercera persona,singular cuando no sabemos o "no queremos" saber quien es el sujecto.Hay es la forma impersona del indicativo,presente,tercera persona,singular: Hay que trabajar si queres dinero = You have to work,if you want money Hay que trabajar si ella quiere dinero = She has to work,she wants money Hay que trabajar si quereis dinero = You have to work,if you want money HABER DE + INFINITIVO exprimar una obligación atenuado,a veces solo una intención y se usa en el español literario: He de estudiar = I have to study Al principio,a mi parecer,tienes que recordar que estas construcciónes expriman UNA OBLIGACIóN y puedes usar verbo y construcciónes que expriman una obligación.El contexto decide el significado de estas construcciones: Tienes que estudiar,si quieres saber castellano / Hay que estudiar si quieres saber castellano / Has de estudiar, si quieres saber castellano = You have to study if you want know spanish / You must study if you want to know spanish / you are obligated to study if you want saber spanish
