Was there a transitional language before Goths became Spaniards?
All languages are developmental; yet did Spanish result directly from Latin, or a different language spoken by the Goths?
1 Answer
Visigothic
Spain was controlled by the Visigoths between the 5th and 8th century. However, the linguistic influence of the Visigothic language (an East Germanic language) on Spanish was relatively limited, because the invaders were already Romanized and also spoke their own dialect of Latin. Besides a few military words, Spanish borrowed the following from Visigothic:
- A new noun declension (nominative -â, oblique -âne), which was used mostly with proper names (whence modern Spanish Froilán and also guardián).
- The originally adjectivizing suffix -engo (Germanic -ing), as in abolengo ('ancestry, inheritance' cf. abuelo 'grandfather') and camarlengo 'camerlengo (a church official)'.
- The origin of the surname suffixes in -z (as in Díaz, Pérez, López, Ruiz, Muñoz, etc.) is controversial. Lapesa[1] attributes it "perhaps" to Ligurian, reinforced by "numerous Latinized Gothic genitives in -rici". Menéndez Pidal[2] considers it "doubtlessly" of Iberian origin. And Alvar and Pottier link it simply with the [Latin] genitive in -ici.