Names used for people who come from particular locales
Since I have been living in Honduras, I have always been interested in knowing the names used for people who come from particular locales. Here in Copan, we are called Copanecos. In San Pedro Sula, the people are called San Pedranos. In Santa Barbara, the people are called Pata Plumas. In Tegucigalpa, they are called Capitalinos. In Chiquimula Guatemala, they are called Chiquimultecos. In Quetzaltenango Guatemala, they are called Chivos.
How many of these names can you contribute to my list?
10 Answers
The people of Madrid are los madrileños, or more colloquially, los gatos (out all night, sunning themselves in cafes or parks during the day).
People from New York are New Yorkers, but people from New York of Puerto Rican decent are nuyoricans. 
And, people from Ohio are called "Buckeyes," a reference to the state tree, the horse chestnut, or the buckeye, or the Ohio State University's team.
Well, I call anyone from Ohio an idiot. Does that fit your context? (especially during our cold, cloudy winters where you don't see the sun for 3 months. Everyone here wishes that they were from somewhere else).
I could never have guessed this one before I looked it up in the dictionary!
porteño, -a person from Buenos Aires (bonaerense)
A person from Mexico city is a Chilango-a . of course, people from each state of Mexico as in the U.S. are called by their proper Spanish names that can be found in a dictionary and usually their regional names as well. -Sergioi
I remember in Catalunya, South Americans were Los Sudacas, and people who came from anywhere ending in "guay" like Uruguay, Paraguay, were called Los Guays.
í Que guay! 
A Catalongo was a foreigner who spoke Catalan or was involved in the culture. Then of course the more obvious ones un "chileno" for somebody from Chile etc.
In Spanish, I only know what you call people from different countries, not cities or smaller locales. In the US, we have names for people from the different states, so in Santa Barbara, California, we would simply call people Californians.Sometimes we have names like that for people in major cities, e.g., in Los Angeles, CA, people call themselves Angelinos. I think New Yorkers are from New York City, not simply New York State, but I am not sure. Then there are Midwesterners from the midwestern states and Southerners from the southern states, but I have never heard of Easterners or Westerners to refer to people from those regions of the US.
Canadians are called "Canucks". Within the country there are several other names for people from the various cities, one being, Torontonians from Toronto
There is also a National Hockey Team called "The Vancouver Canucks" This little guy is wearing their hat.
There are nicknames for people from some states in the United States. From my present state of Tennessee, the nickname is Volunteers. From my home state of North Carolina, the nickname is Tar Heels. However, since both those nicknames have been taken as the team names of the respective state universities, those who live in the states but are fans of other universities sometimes don't like the nickname!
For some U.S. locations, the name of the place plus "-er" is used: New Yorker, Vermonter. But for others, some version of the "-an" ending is used. If you're from Florida, you are a Floridian. You can also be called a Tennesseean or a North Carolinian or South Carolinian. Then there are North Dakotans, Californians, Nebraskans, or Texans. I think the "-an" or "-ian" ending is more common. But then there are others that don't fit: Durhamites, though rarely seen in print, would be recognized as referring to people who live in Durham, North Carolina.
In short, there isn't an easy rule but most native U.S. English speakers recognize instantly what you mean if you say Vermonter, New Yorker, or Californian.
People from Indiana are called Hoosiers....
I know many.
