What is the difference between 'Estoy' and 'Soy' ? PT.2

Question

PT.1 (do not answer, reference purposes only)

Here is what I think:

'Estoy' means 'I am', and should be used when describing an action; like - I am typing on my keyboard

'Soy' means 'I am' as well, but should be used describing a personal attribute; like - I am Polish, I am a student, I am ill, I am tired

Right? Wrong?

***Also, whats the difference between 'esta' and 'está' ?

Thanks

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PT. 2

"In Spanish, a different verb is used to express "to be" depending on whether the speaker intends to address a condition or an essential quality.

La manzana está verde.
The apple is green. (condition)

La manzana es verde.
The apple is green. (essence)"

In regards to my second question in part 1, does 'es' also mean permanent or long-lasting attributes (like 'ser') while 'está' means temporary, changeable attributes or qualities (like 'estar') ?

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Answer 1

......does 'es' also mean permanent or long-lasting attributes (like 'ser') while 'está' means temporary, changeable attributes or qualities (like 'estar') ?

The answer is "sort of." You have to be careful with the "permanent vs. temporary" thinking because it's not going to always work.

For example:

Está muerte = he's dead (permanently but we use estar)

NY está en los Estados Unidos = NY is in the US (permanently but we use estar)

Soy estuiandte = I am a student (not permanently but we use ser)

Edit: Read this lesson.

1) The CID rule: SER is used to classify, identify, and define (CID)

2) The verb ESTAR is used for situations and states in time and space.