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preposition |
by [baɪ]
preposición
1. por (expressing agent)
- he was arrested by the police -> fue detenido por la policía
- made by hand -> hecho(a) a mano
- a play by Shakespeare -> una obra de Shakespeare
2. junto a (close to)
- by the fire -> junto al fuego
- by the side of the road -> al borde de la carretera
3. por (via)
- to go by the same route -> ir por la misma ruta
- by land/sea -> por tierra/mar
4. (with manner, means)
- by rail -> en tren
- by car/plane -> en coche/avión
- to pay by credit card -> pagar con tarjeta de crédito
- he had two children by his first wife -> tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa
- to take somebody by the hand/arm -> tomar or coger a alguien de la mano/del brazo (español de España)
- to know somebody by sight -> conocer a alguien de vista
- to earn one's living by teaching -> ganarse la vida enseñando
- to go by appearances -> fiarse de las apariencias
- to call somebody by their first name -> llamar a alguien por su nombre (de pila)
- what do you mean by that? -> ¿qué quieres decir con eso?
5. (past)
- he walked right by me without stopping -> pasó por mi lado sin detenerse
- we drove by the school on the way here -> pasamos delante del colegio camino de aquí
6. (at or before)
- he should be here by now -> debería estar ya aquí
- by then it was too late -> para entonces ya era demasiado tarde
- by tomorrow -> para mañana
- by 1980 they were all dead -> en 1980 ya estaban todos muertos
7. (during)
- by day -> de día
- by night -> de noche, por la noche
8. (with measurements, quantities, numbers)
- to divide by three -> dividir entre tres
- to multiply by three -> multiplicar por tres
- to sell something by weight -> vender algo al peso
- three meters by two -> tres por dos metros, tres metros por dos
- one by one -> uno(a) a uno(a)
- to increase by 50 percent -> aumentar en un 50 por ciento
9. see myself, himself, yourself etc
10. (as a result of)
- by chance/mistake -> por casualidad/error
adverbio
también:
- by and by -> poco a poco; (gradually) dentro de poco (soon)
- by and large -> en general, por lo general
- by the way,… -> a propósito,…
11. (past)
- to pass by -> pasar; (person) transcurrir, pasar (time)
- to drive by -> pasar sin detenerse (en coche)
Copyright © 2006 Chambers Harrap Publishers Limited
by [bai]
preposición
1. Por, preposición que significa el agente, el instrumento, la causa, el modo y el medio por el cual se ejecuta alguna cosa (via, through).
- I came in by the back door -> entré por la puerta de atrás
- By land/sea/air -> por tierra/mar/avión
- She was brought up by her grandmother -> la crió su abuela, fue criada por su abuela
- She was accompanied by her father -> iba acompañada de su padre
- A play by Shakespeare -> una obra de Shakespeare
- It was written by Pinter -> fue escrita por Pinter
- Made by hand -> hecho a mano (indicating means, method)
- To travel by car/train -> viajar en coche/tren
- To pay by credit card -> pagar con tarjeta de crédito
- By moonlight -> a la luz de la luna
- I’ll begin by introducing myself -> empezaré por presentarme
- By chance -> por casualidad (owing to, from)
- She’s Spanish by birth -> es española de nacimiento
- He had two children by his second wife -> tuvo dos hijos con o de su segunda mujer
- By specializing, he has limited his options -> al especializarse, ha restringido sus posibilidades
- By that clock it’s almost half past -> según ese reloj son casi y media (according to)
- By the look of things -> por lo visto o al parecer
- That’s fine by me -> por mí no hay problema
- I swear by Almighty God ->
- By God you’ll be sorry you said that! -> te juro que te vas a arrepentir de haber dicho eso
- We’re paid by the hour -> nos pagan por hora(s)
- They make them by the thousand -> hacen miles y miles de ellos
- She broke the record by several seconds -> batió el récord en o por varios segundos (indicating extent of difference)
- One by one -> uno por uno (indicating gradual progression)
- They went in two by two -> entraron de dos en dos
- Little by little -> poco a poco, de poco a poco
- Multiply two by three -> multiplica dos por tres
- Divide six by three -> divide seis por o entre tres
- North by northeast -> nornor(d)este (in compass directions)
- By oneself -> solo (alone, without assistance)
- I need to be by myself -> necesito estar solo o a solas
- They do their homework by themselves -> hacen los deberes solos
2. A, en algún paraje. (Matemáticas)
- By the river’s side -> a la orilla del río
3. Con, partícula que denota la diferencia de dos cosas cotejadas entre sí.
4. A: de, con, en.
- By the laws of Castile -> a ley de Castilla
- By stealth -> a hurtadillas
- By dint of -> a fuerza de
- By all means -> absolutamente, cueste lo que cueste
- By no means -> de ningún modo
- By much -> con mucho
- I always keep some money by me -> siempre llevo algo de dinero encima (to hand)
- By this time -> en este tiempo
- He told her to be home by eleven -> le dijo que volviera antes de las once (not later than)
- They should be there by now -> ya deberían estar allí
- Will it be ready by 5? -> ¿estará listo para las 5? By the time he arrived, Ann had left, cuando llegó, Ann se había ido
5. Cerca, junto; al lado de, junto a (at the side of, near to).
- Come and sit by me -> ven a sentarte a mi lado o junto a mí
- It’s right by the door -> está justo al lado de la puerta
- By day/night -> de día/noche (during, at)
- Rome by night -> Roma de noche
adjetivo
- To sit by the fire -> sentarse cerca del fuego
6. A sola
adverbio & sustantivo
7. Por, partícula con que se expresa el juramento. (Marina) (n)
- To swear by God -> jurar por Dios
8. A la mano. (n)
9. Por, partícula que se usa en los ruegos o súplica (n)
adverbio & sustantivo
10. De. (Marina) (n)
- He is abhorred by everybody -> es aborrecido de todos
- By this time twelve months -> de aquí a un año
- By day, by night -> de día, de noche
- By proxy -> por poder, por procuración
adverbio
11. Cerca.
- My house is hard by -> mi casa está aquí cerca
12. Presente, delante.
- By and by -> pronto, luego, de aquí a poco, ahora
- By and by they came to the clearing -> al poco rato llegaron al claro
- It’s going to rain by and by -> va a llover dentro de poco
13. Al lado de.
- By reaso -> o by reason that, porque
- By reason of -> a causa de, a fuerza de
- By then -> para entonces, en ese tiempo, o antes de él
- By the way -> (1) en el camino, junto al camino, o cerca de él; (2) de paso; entre paréntesis
- By and large -> por lo general, en general
- By oneself -> solo, aparte
- Set it by itself -> póngalo Vd
- By and large -> por todos conceptos, de todos modos
- Let me by! -> ¡déjenme pasar
- She rushed by without seeing me -> pasó corriendo y no me vió
- They watched the parade march by -> vieron pasar el desfile
- To stand by -> (1) sostener, defender, apoyar; (2) (Mar.) mantenerse cerca, estar o quedarse allí; estar listo, pronto o preparado
- I put a little money by each week -> ahorro un poco de dinero cada semana (aside, in reserve)
- Call/stop by on your way to work -> pasa por casa de camino al trabajo (to somebody’s residence)
Por (indicating agent, cause) (with passive verbs).., juro por Dios Todopoderoso (in oaths). Por (indicating rate).(Mat.) a un lado, aparte.
sustantivo
1. Asunto accidental o el que no es el objeto principal de la atención.
- By the de paso; entre paréntesis; escríbese también -> by the bye
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