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la espalda

∗ noun

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[bæk]

sustantivo

1 espalda (f) (of person) ; lomo (m) (of animal)

to turn one's back on somebody (also sentido figurado) -> volver la espalda a alguien
to sit/stand with one's back to something/somebody -> dar la espalda a algo/alguien
back pain -> dolor (m) de espalda
to have back problems -> tener problemas de espalda
back slapping -> felicitaciones (f pl) efusivas (self-congratulation)

2 dorso (m) (of page, hand, book) ; respaldo (m) (of chair) ;

parte (f) trasera or de atrás;

fondo (m)

at the back of the book -> al final del libro
the back of the neck -> la nuca, el cogote
at the back (of) -> en la parte de atrás (de), detrás (de) (behind) al fondo (de) (to the rear of)
in back of -> en la parte de atrás (de), detrás (de); (behind) (Estados Unidos) al fondo (de) (to the rear of)
in the back, ->
in back -> atrás, en el asiento trasero (of car) (británicoUS)
to have something at the back of one's mind -> tener algo en la cabeza
back to front -> del revés
he knows London like the back of his hand (con lo de detrás hacia delante) -> conoce Londres como la palma de la mano
in the back of beyond (familiar) -> en el quinto pino , en la punta del cerro (español de Chile), en la Patagonia (español de Colombia), donde el diablo perdió el poncho (RP)

3 (in soccer, rugby)

right/left back -> defensa (sustantivo masculino)

4 (idioms)

to do something behind somebody's back -> hacer algo a espaldas de alguien
to be glad to see the back of somebody -> alegrarse de perder a alguien de vista
to have one's back to the wall -> estar contra las cuerdas
put your back into it! -> ¡ponte a hacerlo en serio!
to break the back of the work -> hacer la parte más dura del trabajo
the boss was on my back all day (familiar) -> el jefe estaba todo el día encima de mí
get off my back! (familiar) -> ¡déjame en paz!, ¡deja de fastidiarme!
to put or get somebody's back up (familiar) -> hinchar las narices a alguien

adjetivo

5 trasero(a), de atrás (in space) (part, wheel)

to put something on the back burner (sentido figurado) -> dejar algo para más tarde, aparcar algo
back door -> puerta (f) trasera or de atrás
he got it through the back door (sentido figurado) -> lo consiguió de manera poco ortodoxa
the back end of the year -> el final del año (británico)
back garden -> jardín (m)
the back page (en la parte de atrás de una casa) -> la contraportada (of newspaper)
back passage (Euph) -> recto (m) (rectum)
back road -> carretera (f) secundaria
back room -> cuarto (m) del fondo, habitación (f) trasera
to take a back seat (sentido figurado) -> quedarse en segundo plano
back yard -> patio (m) trasero; (enclosed area) (británico) jardín (m) trasero (garden) (Estados Unidos)

6 (in time)

back number -> número (m) atrasado
back pay -> atrasos mpl, salario (m) atrasado
back rent -> alquiler (m) or renta (f) pendiente de pago, atrasos mpl (Am)

adverbio

7 atrás (in space)

stand back! -> ¡atrás!
to step back -> dar un paso atrás
3 kilometers back -> 3 kilómetros atrás

8 (in return, retaliation)

to get one's own back (on somebody) -> tomarse la revancha (contra alguien), desquitarse (de alguien)
to get back at somebody -> vengarse de alguien
to call somebody back -> llamar más tarde a alguien
if you kick me I'll kick you back -> si me pegas una patada, te la devolveré

9 (to original starting point)

to come/go back -> volver , regresarse (Am salvo RP)
when will she be back? -> ¿cuándo estará de vuelta?
back in Britain -> en Gran Bretaña
a few pages back -> unas cuantas páginas atrás

10 (in time)

a few years back -> hace unos cuantos años
back when… -> cuando…, en el tiempo en que…
back in 1982 -> allá por 1982
as far back as 1914 -> ya en 1914

verbo transitivo

11 respaldar, apoyar (support) ; financiar, dar respaldo financiero a (financially)

12 apostar por (bet on)

13 mover hacia atrás (move backward)

to back one's car into the garage -> entrar en el garaje (dando) marcha atrás
he backed his car into a lamppost -> dio marcha atrás y chocó contra una farola

verbo intransitivo

14 retroceder, ir hacia atrás (move backward) ; recular, dar marcha atrás (car, driver)

back [bak]

sustantivo

1 Espalda, espaldar, espinazo (of person).

2 Metacarpo, dorso, reverso, respaldo (o sheet of paper).

Back of the hand -> el envés o el revés de la mano

3 Recazo, lomo, canto, revés (of fabric), reverso (of medal).

4 Trasera, dorso.

Back of a house -> trasera de una casa
Back of beyond -> (Fam.) Quinto pino (remote place)
He lives in the back of beyond -> vive en el quinto pino
Back of a chair -> respaldo de una silla
Back of a coach -> trasera de un coche
Back of a book -> lomo de un libro
A back blow or a back stroke -> un revés
Back yard -> patio interior

5 Tina o enfriadera de cervez

adjetivo & sustantivo

6 Galga de ancla. (Familiar & Marina) (m & n)

7 Espalda de un bote. (Marina) (m & n)

8 Fondo (of room), defensa, zaga (defensive position), zaguero (player). (m & n)

On one’s back -> a cuestas
Back to back -> espalda con espalda
To have a pain in the back -> tener dolor de espaldas, de cintura, de riñones
To cast behind the back -> (1) perdonar y olvidar

sustantivo

To see the back of -> desembarazarse o librarse de
To turn the back -> huir
To turn the back on -> abandonar, desertar

sustantivo

At the back of beyond -> en el quinto pino
In back of -> detrás de
Excuse my back -> perdone que le vuelva la espalda
In the back of one’s mind -> en lo más recóndito del pensamiento
To be on one’s back -> estar acostado boca arriba (to be lying), estar encamado (to be ill)
To break one’s back -> deslomarse (to fall down, to overwork)
To break the back of a task -> hacer la parte más difícil de un trabajo
To fall on one’s back -> caerse de espaldas
To get one’s back up -> picarse (to become annoyed)
To put someone’s back up -> picar a uno (to annoy)
To have a broad back -> tener anchas las espaldas
To have one’s back to the wall -> estar entre la espada y la pared
To have someone on one’s back -> tener a uno encima, tener que cargar con uno
To know like the back of one’s hand -> conocer como la palma de la mano
To lend a back to -> aupar
To put one’s back into it -> echar el resto
To stand with one’s back to -> dar la espalda a
To turn one’s back to, on -> volver la espalda a

adjetivo

9 Trasero, posterior.

The back seat of a car -> el asiento trasero de un coche
Back rent -> alquiler atrasado

10 Separado, apartado, lejano, extraviado.

11 Publicado en tiempo anterior al presente.

12 Que ha pasado del tiempo debido.

Back room -> cuarto interior, pieza apartada
Back pension -> pensión debida, y no pagada todavía
Back number -> entrega o ejemplar no muy reciente
Back pay wages -> atrasos

Lomo (of animal, book, sword), cerro, espinazo. Parte posterior o de atrás (of head, house, car, mountain). Dorso, respaldo (of cheque), foro (of stage). (2) Desechar con desdé(Fig.)(Fig.)(Fig.)(Fig.)(Fig.) Interior, de atrás o detrás, del interior (remote). Atrasado (in arrears).V. NUMBER.(Gram.) Velar (vowel).

adverbio

1 Atrás o detrás (To the rear).

2 De vuelta, de retorno.

Give me my money devuélvame mi dinero. When will you come back? -> ¿cuándo volverás

3 Otra vez o segunda vez (again).

To hold o keep retener -> To come volver otra vez, volver atrás o de nuevo
To step back a pace -> dar un paso atrás
Journey viaje de vuelta. Back from -> de vuelta o de regreso de (on returning), no alineado con (house)
Back in the forties -> allá por los años cuarenta
To answer someon -> back, replicar a uno
To bow back to -> devolver el saludo a
To get volver (to return) -> recobrar (to recover)
To pay someone devolverle el dinero a uno (to return money) -> pagarle a uno con la misma moneda (to avenge on someone)
To put poner en su sitio -> To walk volver andando
Two years hace dos años -> Years años atrás
Back and forth -> de acá para allá (to walk)
Back and forth motion -> movimiento de vaivén
To go back and forth -> ir y venir, ir de un sitio para otro

Este adverbio, colocado después de un verbo, tiene el sentido de retrocesión o del prefijo español re. To beat rechazar (al enemigo). Para adelante y para atrás (to sway).

1 Montar a caballo; montar un caballo por primera vez.

2 Sostener, apoyar, respaldar (to support).

To back a colleague -> apoyar a un colega
To back a venture -> respaldar una empresa

3 Mantener, soportar.

Foam-backed raincoat -> impermeable con un forro de espuma
Leather-backed chair -> silla con un respaldo de cuero
To back up -> apoyar
To back water -> ciar

verbo neutro (intransitivo)

4 Retroceder (to move backwards). (n)

To back down -> echarse atrás, volverse atrás
To back out, salir dando marcha atrás (in a car) -> retractarse, volverse atrás (of a commitment)
To back up -> retroceder

va. justificar, favorecer. Hacer retroceder, dar marcha atrás a (to cause to move bacwards). Dominar (to lie at the back of) The hills that back the town, las colinas que dominan la ciudad. Enlomar (a book), endosar (a check), avalar (a bill), hacer marcha atrás con (a car).(Mar.) Dar marcha atrás (a car).

interrogación

1 (abrev. de go back).

¡Atrás! ¡vuélvanse Uds.!

back [bæk]

When back is an element in a phrasal verb, eg come back, go back, put back, look up the verb.

backcome backgo backput back

noun

1 (part of body) [of person] espalda; (f) [of animal] lomo; (m)

I've got a bad backbad tengo la espalda mal; tengo un problema de espalda

to shoot sb in the backin disparar a algn por la espalda

he was lying on his backon estaba tumbado boca arriba

she was lying on her back with her eyes closed she had to spend several weeks on her back

to carry sth/sb on one's back llevar algo/a algn a la espalda

to have one's back to sth/sbto estar de espaldas a algo/algn

he had his back to me I couldn't see his face because he had his back to me

with his back to the light de espaldas a la luz; sitting back to back sentados espalda con espalda

behind sb's back a espaldas de algn

they laughed at her behind her back se rieron de ella a sus espaldas

he went behind Mr Brown's back to the headmaster she'd been plotting behind my back for weeks

she has been seeing David behind my back ha estado viendo a David a mis espaldas

to break the back of sth (informal) (do the difficult part) hacer la peor parte de algo; (do the main part) hacer lo más gordo de algo; (informal) hacer la mayor parte de algo

we've broken the back of it the difficult part the main part it seems that we've broken the back of inflation they're trying to break the back of the government he had been the first president to break the back of totalitarian rule the country that broke the back of Communist rule in Eastern Europe we've got to break the back of welfare dependency

to get off sb's back (informal) dejar a algn en paz

to get sb's back up (informal) poner negro a algn; (informal) mosquear a algn; (very_informal)

to live off the back of sb vivir a costa de algn

the rich have always lived off the backs of the poor

to be on sb's back (informal) estar encima de algn

my boss is always on my back mi jefe siempre está encima mío

on the back of sth a consecuencia de algo

profits soared 23% on the back of strong sales

shares rose on the back of two major new deals las acciones subieron a consecuencia de dos nuevos e importantes tratos

they became enormously rich on the back of the property boom the rest of the equity market endured another lacklustre performance on the back of further losses for international bond markets

to put one's back into sth poner mucho esfuerzo empeño en algo;or

he had really put his back into the job

to put one's back into doing sth (informal) esforzarse a tope por hacer algo; (informal) emplearse a fondo en hacer algo

to put sb's back up (informal) poner negro a algn; (informal) mosquear a algn; (very_informal)

to see the back of sb

I was glad to see the back of him me alegró deshacerme de él

the moment as soon as your back is turned ...or en cuanto te descuidas ...

to have one's back to the wall estar entre la espada y la pared

she would invite friends over the moment as soon as my back was turned I was glad to see the back of him to break one's back why should I break my back doing your washing?

flat stab

2 (reverse side) [of cheque, envelope] dorso; (m) revés; (m) [of hand] dorso; (m) [of head] parte de atrás; (f) parte posterior; (f) (formal) [of dress] espalda; (f) [of medal] reverso; (m)

write your name on the back escriba su nombre en el reverso; the back of the neck la nuca

to know sth like the back of one's hand

I know Naples like the back of my hand conozco Nápoles como la palma de la mano

(rear) [of room, hall] fondo; (m) [of chair] respaldo; (m) [of car] parte trasera; (f) parte de atrás; (f) [of book] (back cover) tapa posterior; (f) (spine) lomo; (m)

there was damage to the back of the car la parte trasera de atrás del coche resultó dañada;or

at the back (of)at [+building] en la parte de atrás (de); [+cupboard, hall, stage] en el fondo (de)

there's a car park at the back hay un aparcamiento en la parte de atrás; be quiet at the back! ¡los de atrás guarden silencio!

[at] the back [of] of cupboard, hall, stage at the back of the hall

they sat at the back of the bus se sentaron en la parte de atrás del autobús; se sentaron al fondo del autobús; he's at the back of all this trouble él está detrás de todo este lío; (informal) ambition is at the back of it la ambición es lo que ha causado todo esto; (informal)

at the back of beyond to have an idea at the back of one's mind I've got an idea at the back of my mind

this idea had been at the back of his mind for several days esta idea le había estado varios días rondándole la cabeza

the ship broke its backbroke el barco se partió por la mitad

back to frontfront al revés

you've got your sweater on back to front te has puesto el jersey al revés

Chuck was in back

in back of the housein (US) detrás de la casa

in the back of the car en la parte trasera del coche

you'll have to sit in the back

I'll sit in the back yo me sentaré detrás

the toilet's out the backout el baño está fuera en la parte de atrás

they keep the car round the backround dejan el coche detrás de la casa

beyond mind

4 (Dep) (defender) defensa; (m)

the team is weak at the backat la defensa del equipo es débil

left backleft defensa izquierdo/a; (m)

right backright defensa derecho/a; (m)

adverb

1 (in space) atrás

stand back! ¡atrás!; keep (well) back! (out of danger) ¡quédate ahí atrás!; keep back! (don't come near me) ¡no te acerques!; meanwhile, back in London/back at the airport mientras, en Londres/en el aeropuerto; he little suspected how worried they were back at home qué poco sospechaba lo preocupados que estaban en casa

back and forthforth de acá para allá

to go back and forth [+person] ir de acá para allá; there were phone calls back and forth se hicieron un montón de llamadas el uno al otro

back from the roadfrom apartado de la carretera

the house stands back from the road

2 (in time)

some months back hace unos meses; back in the 12th century allá en el siglo XII; it all started back in 1980 todo empezó ya en 1980; todo empezó allá en 1980; (literary) I saw her back in August la vi el agosto pasado

3 (returned)

to be backbe volver

when/what time will you be back? ¿cuándo/a qué hora vuelves?; ¿cuándo/a qué hora estarás de vuelta?; he's not back yet aún no ha vuelto; aún no está de vuelta; the electricity is back ha vuelto la electricidad; black is back (in fashion) vuelve (a estar de moda) el negro; se vuelve a llevar el negro

he went to Paris and backand fue a París y volvió

30 kilometres there and back 30 kilómetros ida y vuelta; you can go there and back in a day puedes ir y volver en un día

she's now back at workat ya ha vuelto al trabajo

the kids will be back at school tomorrow los niños vuelven al colegio mañana

I'll be back by 6by estaré de vuelta para las 6

I'd like it backlike quiero que me lo devuelvan

full satisfaction or your money backmoney si no está totalmente satisfecho, le devolvemos el dinero

everything is back to normalto todo ha vuelto a la normalidad

I want it backwant quiero que me lo devuelvan

hit back

verb:transitive

1 (reverse) [+vehicle] dar marcha atrás a

when you're backing a vehicle, you must remember to ... to back into entrar (en) marcha atrás en

she backed the car into the garage entró el coche en el garaje dando marcha atrás; he backed the car into a wall dio marcha atrás y chocó con un muro

2 (support) (back up) [+plan, person] apoyar

they found a witness to back his claim encontraron un testigo que apoyó lo que decía

(finance) [+person, enterprise] financiar; (Mús) [+singer] acompañar

the group backing her

3 (bet on) [+horse] apostar por

I'm backing Manchester to win yo apuesto por que va a ganar el Manchester; to back the wrong horse apostar por el caballo perdedor; Russia backed the wrong horse in him Rusia se ha equivocado al apoyar a él

to back a [loser] Ohio backed the loser in a presidential race

to back a winner apostar por el ganador; he is confident that he's backing a winner (person) está seguro de que está dando su apoyo a un ganador; (idea, project) está seguro de que va a funcionar bien

4 (attach backing to) [+rug, quilt] forrar

back the fabric with a lining material

verb:intransitive

1 [+person] (in car) dar marcha atrás

she backed into me dio marcha atrás y chocó conmigo

(step backwards) echarse hacia atrás; retroceder

he backed into a table se echó hacia atrás y se dio con una mesa; retrocedió y se dio con una mesa

2 (change direction) [+wind] cambiar de dirección en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj; (en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj)

the wind was backing to the west if the wind keeps backing and we keep holding to this course

adjective

1 (rear) [+leg, pocket, wheel] de atrás; trasero

the back row la última fila

2 (previous, overdue) [+rent, tax, issue] atrasado

modifier

back alley (n) callejuela que recorre la parte de atrás de una hilera de casas; (f) (que recorre la parte de atrás de una hilera de casas)

back boiler (n) caldera pequeña detrás de una chimenea; (f) (detrás de una chimenea)

back burner (n) quemador de detrás; (m)

to put sth on the back burner posponer algo; dejar algo para más tarde

back catalogue (n) (Mús) catálogo de grabaciones discográficas; (m)

MCA earlier this year obtained the American release rights to Jimi Hendrix's back catalogue

back copy (n) (Press) número atrasado; (m)

the back country (n) (US) zona rural con muy baja densidad de población; (f) (con muy baja densidad de población)

They have moved deep into the back country Had he wandered off to the backcountry, he would have encountered an even greater contrast between his outlook and that of the farmers and woodsmen they had moved deep into the back country

back-country

back cover (n) contraportada; (f)

back door (n) puerta trasera; (f)

by the back door

to do sth by through the back dooror hacer algo de forma encubierta

the Government is privatizing health care through the back door

back formation (n) (Ling) derivación regresiva; (f)

back garden (n) (Britain) jardín trasero; (m)

back lot (n) (Cine) exteriores (del estudio); (m) [of house, hotel, company premises] solar trasero; (m)

...the sprawling back lot at Universal Studios ...the back lot of the Mirage Hotel

back marker (n) (Britain) (Dep) competidoracompetidora rezagadoarezagada;a competidora (m) (f)a rezagada

He lost control of the car while trying to lap a back marker

back matter (n) [of book] apéndices; (m)

back number (n) [of magazine, newspaper] número atrasado; (m)

back page (n) contraportada; (f)

back pain (n) dolor de espalda; (m) dolor lumbar; (m)

back passage (n) (Britain) (euphemistic) recto; (m)

back pay (n) atrasos; (m)

back rest (n) respaldo; (m)

back road (n) carretera comarcal; (f) carretera secundaria; (f)

...a back road with long vistas of the Welsh mountains

back room (n) cuarto interior; (m) lugar donde se hacen investigaciones secretas

back seat (n) asiento trasero; (m) asiento de atrás; (m)

to take a back seat mantenerse en un segundo plano

he's been at the helm of the company for years. now it's time to take a back seat I'm quite happy to take a back seat for now

back somersault (n) salto mortal hacia atrás; (m)

back stop (n) (Dep) red que se coloca alrededor de una cancha para impedir que se escapen las pelotas

After a couple of innings, when my team came off the field to bat, he stepped out from behind the backstop and said, "I want to play" Between points he smashed himself about the head with his racket or beat his head against the backstop canvas

back talk (informal) (n) (US)

backchat

back tooth (n) muela; (f)

back view (n)

the back view of the hotel is very impressive el hotel visto desde atrás es impresionante; la parte de atrás del hotel es impresionante

a back view of a topless model a the back view of the house

back vowel (n) (Ling) vocal posterior; (f)

Verb Conjugation for "back"

Imperative

back
you back
he/she backs
we back
you back
they back

Preterite

I backed
you backed
he/she backed
we backed
you backed
they backed

Present Continuous

I am backing
you are backing
he/she is backing
we are backing
you are backing
they are backing

Present Perfect

I have backed
you have backed
he/she has backed
we have backed
you have backed
they have backed

Past Continuous

I was backing
you were backing
he/she was backing
we were backing
you were backing
they were backing

Past Perfect

I had backed
you had backed
he/she had backed
we had backed
you had backed
they had backed

Future

I will back
you will back
he/she will back
we will back
you will back
they will back

Future Perfect

I will have backed
you will have backed
he/she will have backed
we will have backed
you will have backed
they will have backed

Future Continuous

I will be backing
you will be backing
he/she will be backing
we will be backing
you will be backing
they will be backing

Present Perfect Continuous

I have been backing
you have been backing
he/she has been backing
we have been backing
you have been backing
they have been backing

Future Perfect Continuous

I will have been backing
you will have been backing
he/she will have been backing
we will have been backing
you will have been backing
they will have been backing

Past Perfect Continuous

I had been backing
you had been backing
he/she had been backing
we had been backing
you had been backing
they had been backing

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∗

to beat; to overcome, to surpass, to overtake

back

la espalda

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Verb Conjugation for "back"

Imperative

Preterite

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Future

Future Perfect

Future Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

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